發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 12:37

【摘要】：自上世紀(jì)80年代以來,可靠度理論在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中得到了很大發(fā)展,很多國家的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范都采用了可靠度設(shè)計(jì)方法,如美國的建筑規(guī)范、橋梁規(guī)范,歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及日本和我國的一些結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范等。但是無論是國內(nèi)還是國外,可靠度理論在很多方面的應(yīng)用還不是很完善,需要繼續(xù)深入研究。就我國而言,可靠度理論在建筑工程領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用比較早、發(fā)展相對較快,而在電力建設(shè)工程領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用比較晚、發(fā)展也相對較慢。本文結(jié)合3個(gè)科研項(xiàng)目,對可靠度理論在建筑、港工和電網(wǎng)輸電線路設(shè)計(jì)中的有關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了研究,主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.針對按現(xiàn)行建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范的分項(xiàng)系數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方法設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠指標(biāo)在不同情況下相差較大的問題,提出了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)基于可靠指標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)方法,其中優(yōu)化確定了荷載與抗力的靈敏度系數(shù),將其表示為荷載效應(yīng)比的線性函數(shù),從而建立了分項(xiàng)系數(shù)與荷載效應(yīng)比的簡化關(guān)系式。計(jì)算表明,按本文方法設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠度與目標(biāo)值具有較好的一致性。 2.針對現(xiàn)行建筑結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范正常使用極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)中的頻遇值系數(shù)和準(zhǔn)永久值系數(shù)是按經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定的問題,根據(jù)收集的樓面活荷載與風(fēng)荷載的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)原理確定樓面活荷載與風(fēng)荷載頻遇值系數(shù)和準(zhǔn)永久值系數(shù)；針對混凝土規(guī)范對正常使用極限狀態(tài)裂縫寬度驗(yàn)算所采用的荷載組合的修訂,分別按規(guī)范規(guī)定和本文確定的準(zhǔn)永久值系數(shù)對鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件的最大裂縫寬度極限狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了可靠度分析。結(jié)果表明,規(guī)范修訂后準(zhǔn)永久組合下最大裂縫寬度極限狀態(tài)的可靠度滿足統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。 3.根據(jù)海洋環(huán)境中鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的工作特點(diǎn),建立了鋼筋未銹蝕、鋼筋已銹蝕但混凝土保護(hù)層未開裂和混凝土保護(hù)層已開裂3個(gè)階段的鋼筋銹蝕概率模型；采用Monte-Carlo方法對鋼筋銹蝕率和3種銹蝕狀態(tài)的發(fā)生概率進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析；采用建立的鋼筋銹蝕率概率模型,對滿足港工規(guī)范最低耐久性要求的鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件的時(shí)變可靠度進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明,某時(shí)刻鋼筋的銹蝕率服從正態(tài)-正態(tài)雙峰分布；結(jié)構(gòu)在海洋環(huán)境中暴露時(shí)間越長,鋼筋未銹蝕和保護(hù)層未開裂的概率越小;銹蝕鋼筋混凝土構(gòu)件的可靠度隨時(shí)間明顯降低。 4.根據(jù)收集的有關(guān)荷載、抗力的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的驗(yàn)收規(guī)定,確定了一般輸電線路永久荷載、風(fēng)荷載、覆冰荷載及桿塔構(gòu)件、絕緣子、金具和導(dǎo)線抗力的統(tǒng)計(jì)參數(shù)和概率模型,采用考慮隨機(jī)變量概率分布類型的一次二階矩方法對按現(xiàn)行輸電線路規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)的輸電線路的相關(guān)組件進(jìn)行了可靠度校準(zhǔn),為確定跨高鐵輸電線路桿塔構(gòu)件、絕緣子、金具和導(dǎo)線的目標(biāo)可靠指標(biāo)提供了依據(jù)。 5.根據(jù)對一般輸電線路的可靠度校準(zhǔn)結(jié)果,提出了跨高鐵輸電線路桿塔構(gòu)件、絕緣子、金具和導(dǎo)線的目標(biāo)可靠指標(biāo)；建立了桿塔構(gòu)件重要性系數(shù)以及絕緣子、金具和導(dǎo)線的安全系數(shù)與可靠指標(biāo)的關(guān)系,從而可直接通過重要性系數(shù)或安全系數(shù)對輸電線路進(jìn)行可靠度設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:Since the 80s of last century, reliability theory has been greatly developed in structural design. Reliability design methods have been adopted in many countries' structural design specifications, such as American building codes, bridge specifications, European standards, and some structural design norms in Japan and China. However, it is both domestic and foreign, reliability theory. In our country, the application of reliability theory in the field of construction engineering is relatively early and relatively fast, and the application in the field of electric power construction is relatively late, and the development is relatively slow. This paper combines 3 scientific research projects, the reliability theory in construction, port workers and The related problems in the design of power transmission lines are studied, including the following aspects:
1. in view of the problem that the reliability index of the structure designed according to the present structural design criterion of the current architectural structure is different in different circumstances, a design method based on the reliability index is proposed, in which the sensitivity coefficient of load and resistance is determined, and it is expressed as a linear function of the load effect ratio. The simplified relation between the partial coefficient and the load effect ratio is established. The calculation shows that the reliability of the structure designed by this method is in good agreement with the target value.
2. the frequency value coefficient and the quasi permanent value coefficient in the normal use limit state design of the current building structure specification are determined by the experience. According to the collected data of the live load and wind load, the statistical principle is used to determine the coefficient and the quasi permanent value coefficient of the floor live load and the wind load carrier frequency, and to the concrete gauge. The reliability analysis of the maximum crack width of the reinforced concrete flexural member is analyzed according to the standard and the quasi permanent coefficient determined in this paper. The results show that the maximum crack width limit of the standard permanent combination under the standard revision is shown. The reliability of the state meets the requirements of the unified standard.
3. according to the working characteristics of the reinforced concrete structure in the marine environment, the corrosion probability model of steel bar corrosion, which has not been corroded, the steel bar has been corroded but the concrete protection layer is not cracked and the concrete protective layer has cracked in 3 stages, and the probability of the corrosion rate of steel bar and the occurrence probability of 3 kinds of corrosion corrosion states is analyzed by the Monte-Carlo method. By using the established probability model of steel corrosion rate, the time dependent reliability of reinforced concrete flexural members satisfying the minimum durability requirements of the port workers is analyzed. The results show that the corrosion rate of steel bar at a certain time obeys the normal normal Shuangfeng distribution; the longer the exposed time of the structure is in the marine environment, the steel bar is not corroded and the protective layer is not open. The smaller the probability of cracking, the lower the reliability of corroded reinforced concrete members.
4. the statistical parameters and probability models of the general transmission lines, such as permanent load, wind load, ice load and tower components, insulators, gold and wire resistance, are determined according to the collected load, the statistical data of resistance and the relevant standards. The first two moment method, which considers the probability distribution types of random variables, is adopted. The reliability calibration of the related components of the transmission line, which is designed for the line of line transmission lines, provides the basis for determining the target reliability index of the tower members, insulators, fittings and wires on the transmission lines of the transmission lines.
5. according to the reliability calibration results of the general transmission lines, the target reliability indexes of tower members, insulators, fittings and wires are proposed for transmission lines across the high speed rail transmission lines, and the relationship between the importance coefficient of the tower members and the safety factor of insulators, fittings and wires and the reliability index is established, which can be directly passed through the importance coefficient or safety. The reliability of the transmission line is designed by the coefficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU318

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