【摘要】：源分離排水系統(tǒng)是構(gòu)建未來(lái)可持續(xù)型城市排水系統(tǒng)的一種重要選擇,但這種新型排水方式在使用過(guò)程中暴露出了一個(gè)制約其推廣使用的瓶頸問(wèn)題——黃水收集管道的結(jié)垢問(wèn)題。本文針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,對(duì)清華大學(xué)中意環(huán)境節(jié)能樓的源分離系統(tǒng)管道結(jié)垢問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析,研究了靜態(tài)條件下不同沖洗水量、沖洗水質(zhì)及脲酶投加量對(duì)黃水管道結(jié)垢特性的影響,考察了不同的鈣、鎂、磷酸鹽及尿素濃度在沖水條件下對(duì)掛片結(jié)垢量和掛垢率的影響�；谝陨涎芯�,編制了源分離排水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)指南,研發(fā)了新型的源分離式便器,并對(duì)實(shí)施的工程進(jìn)行了分析。源分離式便器錯(cuò)誤使用所引起的衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題、便器的使用舒適度差、黃水收集管道結(jié)垢堵塞是環(huán)境節(jié)能樓源分離排水系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行使用中存在的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題,通過(guò)X射線衍射儀對(duì)晶垢的分析表明:其主要成分是鳥糞石、碳酸鈣及羥基磷酸鈣。靜態(tài)條件下不同因素對(duì)于黃水收集管道結(jié)垢特性影響的結(jié)果表明:隨著沖洗水強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng),聚氯乙烯(PVC)管件(De50,L=80cm)的結(jié)垢量從0.24g逐漸降低至0.02g;隨沖洗水量的增大單位純尿液在管件上的結(jié)垢量從1.59g/L逐漸增大至2.78g/L;自來(lái)水、再生水、雨水分別作為沖洗水時(shí),雨水的結(jié)垢量最小,為0.15g,說(shuō)明使用雨水作為沖洗水可以明顯削減管道結(jié)垢量。脲酶投加量越大,即氨化率越高,結(jié)垢量越大。沖水條件下不同因素對(duì)于黃水收集管道結(jié)垢特性影響的結(jié)果表明:Ca2+、Mg2+的濃度對(duì)掛垢率有顯著的影響,但表現(xiàn)出相反的趨勢(shì),溶液中僅存在Mg2+時(shí),掛垢率最低,為48%,溶液中僅存在Ca2+時(shí),掛垢率最高,為70%,溶液中同時(shí)存在這兩種離子時(shí),隨著Ca2+濃度的升高,掛垢率逐漸增大,隨著Mg2+濃度升高反而降低,PO43-濃度和尿素濃度對(duì)掛垢率影響不大。Ca2+、Mg2+、PO43-濃度越高,結(jié)垢量越大,而正常黃水中PO43-較Ca2+、Mg2+的濃度而言是過(guò)量的;尿素濃度對(duì)結(jié)垢量影響不是很大,但其水解是發(fā)生成垢反應(yīng)的必要條件。晶垢的成分主要是鳥糞石、二水合磷酸氫鈣及羥基磷酸鈣。編制的《源分離排水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)指南建議稿》對(duì)黃水量的計(jì)算、黃水收集管道的管徑、坡度、充滿度、通氣管方式等的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。通過(guò)對(duì)宜興實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué)城東分校源分離排水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施,驗(yàn)證了指南的可行性,為今后源分離排水系統(tǒng)的推廣奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The source separation drainage system is an important choice to construct a sustainable urban drainage system in the future. However, this new type of drainage system has exposed a bottleneck problem that restricts its popularization and use-the scaling problem of the yellow water collection pipeline. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the fouling problem of the source separation system in the environment energy saving building of Tsinghua University, and studies the effects of different washing water quantity, washing water quality and the amount of urease on the scaling characteristics of yellow water pipeline under static conditions. The effects of different concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and urea on the fouling amount and fouling rate were investigated. Based on the above research, the design guide of the source separation and drainage system is worked out, a new type of source separation toilet is developed, and the implementation of the project is analyzed. The sanitary problems caused by the wrong use of the source separation toilet, the poor comfort of the toilet and the fouling and blockage of the yellow water collection pipeline are several problems existing in the operation and use of the source separation drainage system of the environmental energy saving building. The analysis of crystal scale by X-ray diffractometer shows that the main components are guano, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxyl phosphate. The effect of different factors on the scaling characteristics of yellow water collection pipeline under static condition shows that: with the increase of washing water intensity, The fouling amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe fittings decreased gradually from 0.24g to 0.02g; with the increase of washing water, the fouling amount per unit of pure urine increased from 1.59g / L to 2.78g / L; when tap water, reclaimed water and Rain Water were used as flushing water, Rain Water had the smallest fouling amount. 0.15g, which shows that using Rain Water as flushing water can obviously reduce the amount of fouling in the pipe. The higher the amount of urease is, the higher the ammoniation rate is, and the larger the scale is. The effect of different factors on the scaling characteristics of yellow water collection pipeline under flushing condition shows that the concentration of Ca 2 + mg 2 has a significant effect on the scaling rate, but it shows the opposite trend. When mg 2 exists only in the solution, the fouling rate is the lowest. When there is only Ca 2 in the solution, the fouling rate is the highest (70%). When the two kinds of ions exist simultaneously in the solution, the scaling rate increases with the increase of Ca 2 concentration. With the increase of Mg2 concentration, however, the decrease of PO43- concentration and urea concentration have little effect on the scaling rate. The higher the concentration of Ca 2 + mg 2 +, the larger the scaling amount, but the more PO43- is more than the Ca 2 + mg 2 concentration in normal yellow water, the less the effect of urea concentration is on the scale formation. However, hydrolysis is a necessary condition for scaling reaction. The major components of crystal scale are guano, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium hydroxyl phosphate. The proposal for the Design Guide for Source Separation and drainage system was compiled to explain the calculation of yellow water quantity, the design parameters of pipe diameter, slope, fullness, and ventilation way of yellow water collection pipeline. Through the design and implementation of the source separation drainage system at Chengdong Branch of Yixing Experimental Primary School, the feasibility of the guide is verified, which lays a good foundation for the popularization of the source separation drainage system in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU992.4

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本文編號(hào)：2119107