本文選題：辦公大樓 + 數(shù)值模擬�。� 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進程的加快,越來越多的中高層建筑出現(xiàn)在城市中,然而困擾建筑安全的火災(zāi)問題一直沒能很好的解決。其中辦公大樓作為主要的辦公場所,可燃物種類繁多而且數(shù)量很大,發(fā)生火災(zāi)的概率很高。一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生的高溫氣體會通過走廊和樓梯間在整棟樓里蔓延開來,這將給辦公大樓里的人員的生命帶來巨大的威脅,也會造成巨大的而且是無可挽回的經(jīng)濟損失。因此,研究火災(zāi)煙氣在辦公大樓里的蔓延規(guī)律具有很重要意義。本文主要研究的是辦公大樓發(fā)生火災(zāi)時的煙氣流動狀況。首先通過pyrosim建立辦公大樓的物理模型;然后合理選擇的火源類型,熱釋放速率以及火災(zāi)增長因子等相關(guān)參數(shù),為后續(xù)的FDS模擬做好了足夠的準(zhǔn)備;最后采用大渦模擬的方法,對辦公大樓以及地下車庫的火災(zāi)煙氣的蔓延狀況做了全面的模擬研究。通過Pathfinder對辦公大樓內(nèi)的人員疏散做了細(xì)致的分析。對模擬結(jié)果表明:(1)無論是窗戶開啟還是關(guān)閉,火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生的高溫都已經(jīng)超過了人體忍受的極限值[2]。對房間內(nèi)部人員會構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重的威脅;對于煙氣層高度和煙氣層能見度而言,從窗戶新進的新鮮空氣會與火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生的煙氣進行混合,從而對煙氣層高度及能見度造成擾動。但是窗戶關(guān)閉時,煙氣層高度會在火災(zāi)發(fā)生后50s內(nèi)迅速降低到1m以下,不利于人員逃生;走廊和其他各樓層的溫度變化主要是受煙氣的熱輻射的影響,但都低于人體的耐受溫度,樓層越高,煙氣沉降越厲害[2]。(2)火源在中間層即二層的房間內(nèi)時,火災(zāi)幾乎對一層沒有影響。但是三層至六層的溫度比火源在一層時明顯要高出的值約為10℃。3到6層煙氣層能見度,煙氣層高度與火源在一層時基本上相同。(3)火源在頂層,火災(zāi)所帶來的嚴(yán)重后果基本上不會對1至5層帶來多大的影響。(4)在使用了無風(fēng)管誘導(dǎo)通風(fēng)的地下車庫,煙氣層高度開始會下降,短時間后會迅速上升。而沒有使用機械通風(fēng)的地下車庫煙氣層高度會隨著時間的推移逐步下降,在170s后煙氣層高度已經(jīng)不足1m,影響了人員逃生。本文的研究對于辦公大樓的火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延規(guī)律,為以后的人員安全逃生有一定的意義[2]。也為以后類似建筑的防火措施能夠提供合理化的指導(dǎo)意見。對消防模擬訓(xùn)練也能提供一定的幫助。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, more and more high-rise buildings appear in the city. However, the fire problem which puzzles the building safety has not been solved well. As the main office space, the office building has a great variety of combustible materials and has a high probability of fire. In the event of a fire, the high temperature gas generated by the fire will spread through the hallways and stairways throughout the building, which will pose a great threat to the lives of people in the office building and will cause enormous and irreparable economic losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the spread of fire smoke in office buildings. In this paper, the smoke flow in office buildings is studied. At first, the physical model of office building is established by pyrosim, then the relevant parameters such as fire source type, heat release rate and fire growth factor are selected reasonably, which makes sufficient preparation for the subsequent pyrosim simulation. Finally, the method of large eddy simulation is adopted. The fire smoke spread in office buildings and underground garages is simulated. Through Pathfinder, the evacuation of people in the office building is analyzed in detail. The simulation results show that: (1) whether the windows are open or closed, the high temperature caused by fire has exceeded the limit of human endurance [2]. For the height of smoke layer and visibility of smoke layer, fresh air from window will be mixed with smoke produced by fire, which will disturb the height and visibility of smoke layer. However, when the windows are closed, the height of the flue gas layer will rapidly fall below 1 m within 50 seconds after the fire, which is not conducive to the escape of the personnel. The temperature changes in the corridors and other floors are mainly affected by the thermal radiation of the smoke. But the temperature is lower than the human body's tolerance temperature, the higher the floor, the more the smoke deposition [2]. (2) when the fire source is in the room of the middle floor, that is, the second floor, the fire almost has no effect on the first floor. However, the temperature of the three to six layers is obviously higher than that of the fire source in the first layer. The visibility of the smoke layer is about 10 鈩，

本文編號：2063153