本文選題：施工 + 鋼筋工��； 參考：《清華大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：高溫工作環(huán)境被廣泛認為會對建筑工人的生產(chǎn)率造成負面影響,并損害工人的健康。本研究會針對這個問題,先對建筑工人工作環(huán)境的高溫情況進行分析,再通過模型找出高溫環(huán)境和建筑業(yè)勞動生產(chǎn)率之間的關(guān)系,使行業(yè)從業(yè)者能更全面地了解到高溫環(huán)境對建筑業(yè)勞動生產(chǎn)率的影響,從而能制定出在高溫下作業(yè)的相關(guān)防范措施和提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。研究在2014年中國北京的夏季時段進行,總共涉及到兩個建設項目及16位鋼筋工人。過程中對濕球黑球溫度(WBGT)指數(shù)、人體核心溫度(口腔溫度)、疲勞度和勞動生產(chǎn)率(直接工作時間,間接工作時間和怠工時間)進行現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測收集。研究中工人工作環(huán)境中的WBGT值是通過QUESTemp°36收集,收集到的數(shù)據(jù)會按中國國家標準GBZ/T 229.3-2010和GBZ 2.2-2007進行分析,以識別不同測量時段的熱負荷等級和WBGT接觸限值。工人的勞動生產(chǎn)率是通過現(xiàn)場測量人員實地記錄所得,測量人員會在觀察目標工人的工作時間內(nèi),記下其工作中花在直接工作、間接工作和怠工的時間。測量人員同時也會通過疲勞量表及溫度計記錄工人的疲勞度及口腔溫度�；贕BZ/T 229.3-2010,發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼筋工人工作環(huán)境的熱負荷普遍能達到等級III和IV,表示建筑工人有較高的機會出現(xiàn)熱相關(guān)疾病。熱負荷的出現(xiàn)頻率最高的是在14:00-15:00期間,而最低的是在07:00-09:00期間。另外基于GBZ 2.2-2007中的WBGT接觸限值規(guī)范,發(fā)現(xiàn)14:00至15:00有近57%的測量時間會超過規(guī)范中的WBGT限值,對工人的危害最高;而7:00至9:00則只有3%~7%,危害度最低。研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)直接工作時間占工人的總工作時間近74%,間接工作時間占大約15%,而怠工時間只占約11%。研究中建立了三個分別對應“直接工作時間”、“間接工作時間”和“怠工時間”的回歸模型來分析高溫環(huán)境及其他因素如工人的年齡、工作經(jīng)驗和BMI值對勞動生產(chǎn)率的影響。模型發(fā)現(xiàn)WBGT每增加1℃,鋼筋工人的直接工作時間會減少0.57,怠工時間會增加0.74。此外,工人年齡的增加對勞動生產(chǎn)率有負面影響,而工作經(jīng)驗和BMI值的上升則有正面影響。研究中也發(fā)現(xiàn)疲勞度和工人的生產(chǎn)率的變化相符合。當工人的疲勞度逐漸上升,直接工作的時間會減少,休息時間會增加。另外在大部分時間下,核心溫度和WBGT的變化并沒有有顯著的關(guān)聯(lián)。最后本研究針對政府,承包商和勞務分包商的責任權(quán)限提出建議,幫助行業(yè)從業(yè)人員能更好地管理高溫作業(yè)環(huán)境和提高工人的生產(chǎn)率。
[Abstract]:High-temperature working conditions are widely believed to have a negative impact on the productivity of construction workers and damage their health. In order to solve this problem, this paper first analyzes the high temperature of the working environment of the construction workers, and then finds out the relationship between the high temperature environment and the labor productivity of the construction industry through the model. So that the practitioners can fully understand the impact of high temperature environment on the labor productivity of the construction industry, so as to formulate the relevant preventive measures and improve the labor productivity under the high temperature. The study, conducted during the summer of 2014 in Beijing, involved two construction projects and 16 steel bar workers. The WBGT index, core temperature (oral temperature), fatigue and labor productivity (direct working time, indirect working time and idle time) were collected. The WBGT values in the workers' working environment were collected by QUESTemp 擄36. The collected data were analyzed according to the Chinese national standards GBZ/T 229.3-2010 and GBZ 2.2-2007 to identify the thermal load levels and WBGT exposure limits for different measuring periods. The labor productivity of workers is recorded in the field by the field surveyors. The surveyors will observe the working hours of the target workers and record the time spent on direct, indirect and idle work in their work. The workers' fatigue and oral temperature were also measured with fatigue meters and thermometers. Based on GBZ/T 229.3-2010, it is found that the heat load of the working environment of reinforced workers can generally reach the grade of III and III, indicating that construction workers have a higher chance of developing heat-related diseases. The highest frequency of heat load occurs in the period of 14: 00-15: 00, and the lowest is in the period of 0700-09: 00. In addition, based on the WBGT contact limit in GBZ 2.2-2007, it is found that nearly 57% of the measurement time from 14:00 to 15:00 will exceed the WBGT limit of the norm, which will be the most harmful to workers, while from 7:00 to 7:00, only 37% will be found to have the lowest harm. The study also found that direct working hours accounted for nearly 74 hours, indirect working hours accounted for about 15 hours, and idle hours accounted for only about 11 hours. Three regression models corresponding to "direct working time", "indirect working time" and "idle time" were established to analyze the effects of high temperature environment and other factors such as worker's age, work experience and BMI value on labor productivity. The model shows that the direct working time of steel workers will be reduced by 0.57 and the idle time will increase by 0.74 for each increase of WBGT at 1 鈩，

本文編號：1867407