本文選題：數(shù)字圖像相關(guān) + 結(jié)構(gòu)變形　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對(duì)土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)大變形全過程非接觸測量的需求,本文提出基于圖像相關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)變形全過程測量方法。本文將張正友標(biāo)定方法引入傳統(tǒng)DIC方法,介紹了應(yīng)用單目相機(jī)測量結(jié)構(gòu)變形的方法。針對(duì)橋梁撓度長期監(jiān)測的需求,本文提出基于CCD的橋梁撓度測量方法。針對(duì)已有的雙目立體視覺測量方法,本文對(duì)提高其計(jì)算精度的方法進(jìn)行了研究。在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。本文的主要內(nèi)容包括:(1)提出基于張正友標(biāo)定的DIC方法。傳統(tǒng)DIC方法中未考慮鏡頭畸變,影響計(jì)算精度;同時(shí),該方法為了將像素單位轉(zhuǎn)換為實(shí)際長度單位毫米,需要在被測試件表面粘貼長度已知的標(biāo)尺,操作不便。本文將張正友標(biāo)定方法引入傳統(tǒng)DIC方法,形成基于張正友標(biāo)定的DIC方法,不僅可以提高計(jì)算精度,還可以避免粘貼標(biāo)尺,簡化試驗(yàn)操作。本文通過平動(dòng)臺(tái)水平平移位移測量試驗(yàn)對(duì)該方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。(2)針對(duì)橋梁撓度長期監(jiān)測的需求,本文提出基于CCD的橋梁撓度測量方法。在橋梁跨中安裝用于跟蹤的特制靶標(biāo),用CCD記錄包含有靶標(biāo)的圖像,應(yīng)用DIC方法跟蹤靶標(biāo)在視場中位置的變化從而計(jì)算出橋梁的撓度。針對(duì)宋家莊公鐵立交橋撓度監(jiān)測的具體要求,本文集成宋家莊公鐵立交橋撓度測量系統(tǒng)�，F(xiàn)場返回的數(shù)據(jù)表明,該系統(tǒng)工作狀態(tài)良好,本文方法可以滿足橋梁撓度長期監(jiān)測的需求。(3)提高雙目立體視覺測量精度的改進(jìn)研究。在初始時(shí)刻立體匹配和時(shí)序匹配的過程中,本文提出根據(jù)極線約束修正匹配結(jié)果——用滿足極線約束的距離原匹配結(jié)果最近的點(diǎn)代替原匹配結(jié)果。提出應(yīng)用SUSAN濾波方法處理采集得到的數(shù)據(jù)圖像。比較亞像素定位中的二次曲面擬合方法和三次曲面擬合方法。提出將計(jì)算得到的位移場投影到初始時(shí)刻擬合到的平面上的兩個(gè)正交向量上。比較應(yīng)變計(jì)算中的局部最小二乘多項(xiàng)式擬合方法和有限單元法。(4)完成系統(tǒng)零漂試驗(yàn)、CFRP混凝土界面黏結(jié)滑移測量試驗(yàn)和大跨越輸電導(dǎo)線模型風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)。靜置被測試件,應(yīng)用本文方法測量測點(diǎn)零漂值,得出在95%概率統(tǒng)計(jì)下,本文系統(tǒng)及方法的計(jì)算精度約為0.006mm。應(yīng)用本文方法計(jì)算CFRP混凝土界面黏結(jié)滑移試驗(yàn)中的整體位移,并與位移計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明本文方法測得的位移曲線與位移計(jì)曲線吻合較好,驗(yàn)證本文方法的可靠性與實(shí)用性;應(yīng)用本文方法計(jì)算得到CFRP混凝土界面破壞時(shí)的滑移量。應(yīng)用本文方法計(jì)算大跨越輸電導(dǎo)線模型在不同風(fēng)速下的面外位移。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the requirement of non-contact measurement for large deformation of civil engineering structures, a method based on image correlation is proposed in this paper. In this paper, the calibration method of Zhang Zhengyou is introduced into the traditional DIC method, and the method of measuring the deformation of the structure with a monocular camera is introduced. In order to meet the need of long-term monitoring of bridge deflection, this paper presents a bridge deflection measurement method based on CCD. Aiming at the existing binocular stereo vision measurement methods, this paper studies the methods to improve the calculation accuracy. On the basis of the above research, an experimental study was carried out. The main contents of this paper include: 1) A DIC method based on Zhang Zhengyou calibration is proposed. The traditional DIC method does not take lens distortion into account, which affects the accuracy of the calculation. In order to convert pixel units into actual length units, the traditional DIC method needs to paste a ruler with known length on the surface of the tested piece, which is difficult to operate. In this paper, the Zhang Zhengyou calibration method is introduced into the traditional DIC method to form the DIC method based on Zhang Zhengyou calibration, which can not only improve the calculation accuracy, but also avoid sticking the ruler and simplify the test operation. In this paper, the method is verified by horizontal displacement measurement test. (2) in order to meet the need of long-term monitoring of bridge deflection, a bridge deflection measurement method based on CCD is proposed in this paper. A special target for tracking is installed in the span of the bridge. The images containing the target are recorded by CCD and the deflection of the bridge is calculated by tracking the position of the target in the field of view by using the DIC method. According to the specific requirements of deflection monitoring of Songjiazhuang railway overpass, the deflection measurement system of Songjiazhuang railway overpass is integrated in this paper. The data returned from the field show that the system is in good working condition, and the method in this paper can meet the need of long-term monitoring of bridge deflection, and improve the precision of binocular stereoscopic vision measurement. In the process of initial time stereo matching and time series matching, this paper proposes to modify the matching result according to the pole line constraint-to replace the original matching result with the point that satisfies the pole line constraint and is closest to the original matching result. A method of SUSAN filtering is proposed to process the collected data images. The conic surface fitting method and the cubic surface fitting method in sub pixel location are compared. The calculated displacement field is projected to two orthogonal vectors on the plane fitted to the initial moment. The local least square polynomial fitting method and finite element method are used to complete the system zero drift test and the test of CFRP concrete interface bond slip and the wind tunnel test of long span transmission line model. The zero drift value of the measured point is measured by using the method in this paper, and the calculation accuracy of the system and the method is about 0.006 mm. under 95% probability statistics. The whole displacement of CFRP concrete interface bond slip test is calculated by using this method, and compared with the data of displacement meter. The results show that the displacement curve measured by this method is in good agreement with the displacement gauge curve. The reliability and practicability of this method are verified, and the slip amount of CFRP concrete interface failure is calculated by using this method. In this paper, the out-of-plane displacement of long span transmission line model under different wind speeds is calculated by using this method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU317;TP391.41

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