本文選題：中間領(lǐng)域 + 界殼論　； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,在建筑形式創(chuàng)作領(lǐng)域,出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)“屢見不止”的新現(xiàn)象,即國家大劇院與國家體育館所呈現(xiàn)的“內(nèi)外兩層皮”。然而,較之實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域的百花齊放,囿于“空間作為建筑本質(zhì)”的現(xiàn)代主義建筑思想,建筑形式的理論研究一直進(jìn)展緩慢,“滯后”于當(dāng)前蓬勃發(fā)展的形式創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐。具體而言,無論是現(xiàn)代主義“形式追隨功能”還是歷史主義“功能追隨形式”的既有形式理論,均只涉及或內(nèi)或外的“一層皮”,無法系統(tǒng)全面地闡釋“內(nèi)外兩層皮”的生成機(jī)制與設(shè)計(jì)方法。針對(duì)此問題,筆者以系統(tǒng)的角度來看待建筑,試圖借鑒系統(tǒng)周界理論——界殼論,來重新認(rèn)識(shí)“內(nèi)外兩層皮”在建筑系統(tǒng)中的作用,并以此建構(gòu)它的形式設(shè)計(jì)方法論。所謂界殼,指“處在系統(tǒng)外圍能衛(wèi)護(hù)系統(tǒng)且與環(huán)境進(jìn)行交換的中介體”。因而,界殼具有兩大特點(diǎn):其一,作為整體,是三元系統(tǒng)(環(huán)境——界殼——系里)的周界;其二,作為中介體,它有一定“厚度”,包括內(nèi)表皮、外表皮以及兩者之間的過渡區(qū)域。受此啟發(fā),筆者將建筑視為一個(gè)由“內(nèi)、外空間與中間領(lǐng)域”所構(gòu)成的三元系統(tǒng),“既包括內(nèi)外兩層皮又包括兩皮之間部分”的中間領(lǐng)域則是區(qū)分內(nèi)外空間的建筑界面。這一理論假設(shè)的最大優(yōu)勢在于:將過往分而論之的“內(nèi)外兩層皮”統(tǒng)合到中間領(lǐng)域這一整體中,有利于克服既有形式理論只涉及中間領(lǐng)域某一部分的缺陷。因此,作為建筑界面的中間領(lǐng)域,為建筑形式創(chuàng)作提供了全新的認(rèn)識(shí)視角,解決了中間領(lǐng)域的賦形問題,也就成功解決了實(shí)踐創(chuàng)作中“內(nèi)外兩層皮”與形式理論相結(jié)合的問題。事實(shí)上,受20世紀(jì)五六十年代人本主義思潮的影響,“中間領(lǐng)域”曾一度成為阿爾多·凡·艾克“構(gòu)型原則”中批判現(xiàn)代主義表皮建筑學(xué)的核心概念,也是羅伯特·文丘里“復(fù)雜建筑形式”的研究本體。然而,因中間領(lǐng)域“功能不定”與“類型多樣”的不確定性,導(dǎo)致以確定性“類型”(功能追隨形式)或確定性“功能”(形式追隨功能)為邏輯支點(diǎn)的既有賦形方法失效。因此,如何借鑒界殼論的相關(guān)原理,重新認(rèn)識(shí)中間領(lǐng)域的不確定性,建構(gòu)中間領(lǐng)域的賦形方法,是本文的主要研究目的。具體而言,論文先后開展了“中間領(lǐng)域賦形問題”的認(rèn)識(shí)論與方法論研究。第1、2章涉及界殼論視野下“賦形中間領(lǐng)域”的認(rèn)識(shí)論研究,其主要內(nèi)容包括“中間領(lǐng)域作為建筑界面”的理論假設(shè)以及中間領(lǐng)域形式操作的研究動(dòng)態(tài);第3章涉及界殼論視野下“賦形中間領(lǐng)域”的方法論研究,其主要內(nèi)容包括:既有賦形理論的方法困境分析以及中間領(lǐng)域形式操作原理的建構(gòu);第4、5、6章涉及“賦形中間領(lǐng)域”的具體方法研究,其主要內(nèi)容包括:基于操作原理的三種形式操作方法及與之對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)證研究。論文核心結(jié)論之一:關(guān)于建筑界面形式生成的新認(rèn)識(shí)論,即界殼論視野下中間領(lǐng)域的界面原型。界殼論所討論的系統(tǒng)是由“環(huán)境(系統(tǒng)外部)——界殼(系統(tǒng)周界)——系里(系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部)”所構(gòu)成的三元系統(tǒng)。因此,與二元系統(tǒng)(環(huán)境—系統(tǒng))的“零度”周界不同,界殼作為環(huán)境與系里之間的中介體,是具有一定“厚度”的周界。類比于界殼,在“外部——中間——內(nèi)部”所構(gòu)成的三元建筑系統(tǒng)中,作為建筑界面的中間領(lǐng)域是具有一定“厚度”的界面,其界面原型必然包括內(nèi)表皮、外表皮以及兩者之間的部分。與“一切都是內(nèi)部,外部反映內(nèi)部”的表皮比較,這一界面原型可靈活應(yīng)對(duì)內(nèi)與外的矛盾,“既解決建筑外部的問題又解決建筑內(nèi)部的問題。”論文核心結(jié)論之二:關(guān)于建筑界面形式生成的新方法論,即中間領(lǐng)域形式操作原理的兩個(gè)概念邏輯。借鑒界殼對(duì)環(huán)境與系里之間物量(物質(zhì)、能量、信息)交換的調(diào)和作用,中間領(lǐng)域同樣可以對(duì)內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系起調(diào)和作用,即通過改變中間領(lǐng)域的界面形態(tài)達(dá)到適應(yīng)內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系變化的目的。反過來,這一啟示隱含著一個(gè)新的形式操作原理:從某種“內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系”推導(dǎo)出某種“中間領(lǐng)域界面類型”。這一操作原理的優(yōu)勢在于:“內(nèi)外關(guān)系”與“中間”的二分,有利于將原本復(fù)雜的三元邏輯關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)化為兩個(gè)相迭代的二元邏輯關(guān)系。具體而言,其一為“內(nèi)”與“外”的二元關(guān)系邏輯,重在闡釋內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡原理;其二為從“關(guān)系”到“實(shí)體”的二元形態(tài)邏輯,重在獲得符合某種內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系的中間領(lǐng)域界面類型。上述操作原理的理論意義在于:中間領(lǐng)域的界面類型不僅是一種“顯性”的實(shí)體,還反映了“隱性”的內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系。(見下表)R:內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系;O:內(nèi)部空間;I:外部空間;E:中間領(lǐng)域的界面類型;f(x):映射函數(shù)論文核心結(jié)論之三:關(guān)于建筑界面形式生成的新方法,即“涂黑、分解、層透”作為中間領(lǐng)域界面類型的操作方法。三種方法的獲取,依據(jù)“操作原理→界面類型→操作方法”的推演路徑。第一階段為“操作原理→界面類型”的推演,即將“對(duì)立”、“連續(xù)”、“透明”三種內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系作為操作動(dòng)因代入操作原理,得到與之對(duì)應(yīng)的三種中間領(lǐng)域界面類型——類型1:表現(xiàn)內(nèi)外對(duì)立、輪廓清晰的厚墻;類型2:表現(xiàn)內(nèi)外連續(xù)、轉(zhuǎn)角消隱的檐廊;類型3:表現(xiàn)內(nèi)外透明、開口深淺的夾隙。第二階段為“界面類型→操作方法”的推演,即以上述三種界面類型作為操作目標(biāo),分別與中間領(lǐng)域界面原型做形態(tài)比較,獲得將原型轉(zhuǎn)化為類型的三種操作方法。綜合比對(duì)上述研究結(jié)論與過往研究,論文有如下一些創(chuàng)新見解:1)“有之以為利,無之以為用”常用于闡釋形式之“有”與空間之“無”的辯證關(guān)系。然而,本文所建構(gòu)的形式操作原理不囿于“有之以為利”的成見,也強(qiáng)調(diào)“有之以為用”,即中間領(lǐng)域的界面形態(tài)具有調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系的作用。這一新認(rèn)識(shí)有助于改變“形式”在功能主義與歷史主義建筑理論中的從屬地位,提升形式自身在設(shè)計(jì)方法中的“主動(dòng)性”;2)“中間領(lǐng)域作為建筑界面”的形式概念,強(qiáng)調(diào)具有一定的“厚度”的建筑界面。它既不是單一的外部量體界面,也不是單一的內(nèi)部空間界面,而是一種雙重性界面。這一新視角,有助于改變將“功能與形式高度統(tǒng)一的表皮作為建筑界面”的舊視角,為闡釋當(dāng)代建筑形式復(fù)雜性與矛盾性提供理論依據(jù);3)“關(guān)系→類型→評(píng)價(jià)→方法”是一套完整的方法研究邏輯,它不僅為操作方法設(shè)定了明確的操作動(dòng)因(內(nèi)外空間關(guān)系)、操作目標(biāo)(中間領(lǐng)域界面類型),更是為方法奠定了美學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。某種程度上,這一總體研究有助于緩解形式美學(xué)與形式設(shè)計(jì)相分離的狀態(tài),提升建筑形式創(chuàng)作的“人文品質(zhì)”。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a new phenomenon in the field of architectural form creation, that is, the "internal and external two layers" of the National Grand Theater and the National Gymnasium. However, more than a hundred flowers in the field of practice have come together, the theoretical research of the architectural form has been progressed because of the "space as the essence of architecture". Slow, "lag" in the current vigorous development of the form of creative practice. In particular, whether it is the form theory of modernism "form following function" or historical "functional following form", it is only involved in or inside or outside the "one layer skin", and can not systematically and comprehensively explain the formation mechanism and design of the "inner and outer two layers". Method. In view of this problem, the author looks at the architecture from a systematic perspective, trying to learn from the theory of the perimeter of the system - shell theory, to re understand the role of the "inner and outer two layers" in the building system, and to construct its formal design methodology. As a result, the shell has two characteristics: one, as a whole, is the perimeter of the three element system (environment - the shell - in the system); secondly, as an intermediary, it has a certain "thickness", including the inner epidermis, the outer skin and the transition zone between the two. The three yuan system, which is composed of domain, includes both inner and outer two layers and two skin parts, which is the architectural interface to distinguish inside and outside space. The greatest advantage of this theory is that the integration of the "inside and outside two layers" of the past divided into the middle field is beneficial to overcome the existing form theory. It involves only a part of the middle field. Therefore, as the middle field of the architectural interface, it provides a new perspective for the creation of the architectural form, solves the problem of the form of the middle field, and has successfully solved the problem of combining the theory of "internal and external two layers" with the form theory in practice. In fact, it is subject to the fifty or sixty year of twentieth Century. In the influence of the ideological trend of humanism, the "middle field" once became the core concept of Aldo Van Ike's "configuration principle" to criticize the modernist architecture of epidermis, and is also the research noumenon of Robert Venturi's "complex architectural form". However, the uncertainty of "function indeterminacy" and "type diversity" in the middle field, In this paper, the main purpose of this paper is to learn from the relevant principles of the theory of the shell theory, to re understand the uncertainty in the middle field and to construct the form of the middle domain. The thesis has carried out the study of epistemology and methodology in the "middle domain form problem". Chapter 1,2 deals with the epistemological study of "the middle field of Fu shaped middle" from the view of the shell theory. The main contents include the theoretical hypothesis of "the intermediate field as the architectural interface" and the research trends of the middle domain form operation; the third chapter deals with the theory of the shell theory. In the field of vision, the methodology of "the middle domain of the form of Fu" is studied. The main contents include the analysis of the method predicament and the construction of the operation principle of the form in the middle field. Chapter 4,5,6 deals with the specific methods of "the middle domain of the form of Fu". The main contents include the three forms of operation based on the principle of operation and its application. One of the core conclusions of the paper: the new epistemology of the formation of the form of the architectural interface, that is, the interface prototype in the middle field under the view of the boundary shell theory. The system discussed by the shell theory is a three element system composed of "environment (external) - the outer shell (system perimeter) - in the system (internal system)". Therefore, the system is with the two yuan system. The "zero" perimeter of the system (environment system) is different. As the intermediary between the environment and the system, the shell is a perimeter with a certain "thickness". It is analogous to the shell and in the three yuan construction system composed of "external - middle". As the middle field of the building interface, the interface has a certain "thickness" interface, its interface The prototype must include the inner skin, the outer skin and the part of the two. Compared with the epidermis of "everything is internal and external," the prototype can flexibly cope with the internal and external contradictions, "solve the external problems of the building and solve the internal problems of the building." the core conclusion of the paper is about the form birth of the building interface. The new methodology, which is the two conceptual logic of the operational principle of the intermediate domain form, is used for reference to the harmonic action of the boundary shell to the exchange of objects (material, energy and information) between the environment and the system. The intermediate domain can also play a harmonic role in the relationship between the internal and external space relations, that is, to adapt to the change of the internal and external space relations by changing the interface form between the middle and the middle fields. In turn, this revelation implies a new principle of formal operation: deriving some "intermediate domain interface type" from some "internal and external space relations". The advantage of this operation principle is that the two points of "internal and external" and "middle" are beneficial to converting the original complex three yuan logic into two phases. Two yuan logic relation. In particular, one is the two element relation logic of "inside" and "outside", and the principle of dynamic balance in explaining the relationship between internal and external space; the second is the two yuan form logic from "relation" to "entity", and the other is to obtain the interface type in the middle domain that conforms to some kind of internal and external space relations. The meaning lies in that the interface type in the middle field is not only a "explicit" entity, but also reflects the "hidden" internal and external space relations. (see table below) R: internal and external space relations; O: internal space; I: external space; the interface type of E: intermediate domain; f (x): the core conclusion of the mapping function paper three: a new method for the formation of the architectural interface form It is the operation method of "blackening, decomposition and layer penetration" as the interface type in the middle field. The acquisition of the three methods is based on the deduction path of "operation principle, interface type and operation method". The first stage is the deduction of "operation principle to interface type", and the three kinds of internal and external space relations are "opposites", "continuous" and "transparent". The operation principle is replaced by the operation principle, and the three kinds of intermediate interface types corresponding to it are obtained. Type 1: displays the thick and thick walls with internal and external opposites and the outline is clear; type 2: displays internal and external continuous, corner elimination eaves corridors; type 3: displays internal and external transparent, open shallow clips. The second stage is the deduction of "interface type to operation method". The above three types of interface types are used as the operating targets, and compared with the interface prototypes in the middle field, three kinds of operation methods are obtained to convert the prototype into type. The comprehensive comparison of the above research conclusions and the past studies has the following innovative views: 1) "there is a good idea and no use" is commonly used in the form of interpretation. However, the principle of formal operation in this paper is not limited to the stereotype of "think good", but also emphasizes that "it is used", that is, the interface form in the middle field has the function of regulating the inner and outer space relations. This new understanding helps to change the "form" in the functionalist and historical architecture. The subordinate position in the theory, the promotion of the "initiative" in the design method of the form itself; 2) the form concept of "the intermediate domain as the architectural interface", emphasizes a certain "thickness" of the architectural interface. It is neither a single external volume interface nor a single inner space interface, but a dual interface. The angle of view helps to change the old angle of view that the "function and the form highly unify the epidermis as the architectural interface", and provides the theoretical basis for explaining the complexity and contradiction of the contemporary architectural form. 3) "relationship, type, evaluation and method" is a complete set of method research logic, which not only sets clear operating motivation for the operation method ( The relationship between internal and external space), the objective of the operation (the type of interface in the middle field) has laid the aesthetic evaluation standard for the method. To some extent, this general study helps to alleviate the separation of formal aesthetics from the form design and improve the "humanistic quality" of the creation of the architectural form.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU201

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