發(fā)布時間：2018-05-02 12:30

  本文選題：農(nóng)村地區(qū) + 可再生能源�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：黑龍江省秸稈資源十分豐富,具有推廣秸稈能源化利用技術(shù)的資源條件。利用秸稈可再生能源在農(nóng)村及小城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)構(gòu)建供暖、供燃氣基礎設施,是符合城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設方向,體現(xiàn)小城鎮(zhèn)“服務農(nóng)村、帶動周邊”功能的發(fā)展理念,也是秸稈可再生能源“因地制宜,多能互補”的利用策略。本文以黑龍江省村鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,在農(nóng)村居民生活用熱量化研究的基礎上,研究省內(nèi)各地秸稈可用量與村鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)生活熱需求之間的供需關系,進而提出采用秸稈能源化利用技術(shù)的小城鎮(zhèn)與農(nóng)村地區(qū)生活熱能供應模式,并對其中的供暖系統(tǒng)以適宜的評價指標進行能源、經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境等方面效益的研究。首先,在黑龍江省農(nóng)村地區(qū)進行生活用能情況實地調(diào)查,分析農(nóng)村居民的生活用能特征并計算相應的炊事與供暖年熱需求指標,進而獲得黑龍江省農(nóng)村地區(qū)生活用熱的年需求量。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,秸稈是黑龍江省農(nóng)村地區(qū)最主要的生活能源,在絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)戶中均有使用,但生物質(zhì)燃料的綜合效率僅為27.4%。黑龍江省農(nóng)村供暖年熱需求指標為364MJ/(m2·a),約等于當?shù)爻擎?zhèn)1-3層節(jié)能建筑的368MJ/(m2·a);農(nóng)村炊事年熱需求指標為935MJ/(人·a),低于城鎮(zhèn)的1036MJ/(人·a)。黑龍江省農(nóng)村居民的供暖年熱需求總量為1.76×1011MJ/a,為炊事年熱需求的近10倍。第二,提出秸稈能源化供應能力的概念,用以評價不同秸稈能源化利用技術(shù)下區(qū)域秸稈資源與生活熱需求之間的能量供需關系,在黑龍江省13個地級行政區(qū)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)進行秸稈供需關系的分區(qū)評估。結(jié)果表明各農(nóng)村地區(qū)均適宜采用秸稈固化技術(shù),其中7地同時具有采用秸稈干餾氣化技術(shù)的資源條件。固化供暖、干餾氣化供炊事的技術(shù)組合方式在除七臺河外的各農(nóng)村地區(qū)具有資源供應可行性,其中10地供應能力達1.5以上,將有豐富的剩余秸稈。第三,基于以上秸稈資源在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的供需關系研究結(jié)果,結(jié)合黑龍江省小城鎮(zhèn)與農(nóng)村地區(qū)生活用能現(xiàn)狀及國家城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展要求,提出一種以小城鎮(zhèn)為中心覆蓋周邊農(nóng)村地區(qū),以秸稈干餾氣化供應炊事燃氣,以燃煤熱電機組/燃煤鍋爐和秸稈鍋爐為集中供暖熱源,輔以固化戶燃供暖的村鎮(zhèn)生活熱能復合供應模式,并以秸稈能源化供應能力為指標對該模式在黑龍江省村鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)的資源供應可行性進行分區(qū)評估。分析結(jié)果表明,村鎮(zhèn)生活熱能復合供應模式的供應能力在黑龍江省10個地區(qū)均大于1,在耕地集中、秸稈資源豐富的松嫩平原和三江平原地區(qū)則達1.5以上,具有很好的資源供應可行性。第四,以采用燃煤熱電廠和秸稈調(diào)峰鍋爐房形式的村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖熱源子系統(tǒng)為研究對象,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)特點,提出化石能源相對節(jié)約率作為熱源化石能源替代效益的評價指標,并以該指標和一次能源相對節(jié)約率為優(yōu)化目標建立優(yōu)化模型,對熱源的合理配置及能源效益進行分析。分析結(jié)果表明,村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖系統(tǒng)以B12、B25型背壓式熱電機組為適宜的基本熱源,熱源子系統(tǒng)相對當前供暖、供電形式可節(jié)約10.9~32.7%的化石能源(燃煤)和22.1~33.1%的一次能源(燃煤和秸稈),且B12機組配置的綜合能源效益高于B25機組。第五,以村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖熱網(wǎng)子系統(tǒng)為研究對象,進行如下兩項研究:1)分析不同形式熱網(wǎng)在供暖期內(nèi)熱媒溫度、流量的變化特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村二級網(wǎng)調(diào)峰系統(tǒng)中城鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)村一級網(wǎng)各自的流量變化趨勢和回水溫度均有較大差異,需分別監(jiān)控并采取聯(lián)合調(diào)節(jié);2)提出平均耗電輸熱比作為熱量輸送能耗的評價指標,基于該指標對村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖系統(tǒng)的熱量輸送能耗及適宜供暖半徑進行分析,得出適宜供暖半徑一般在7km以內(nèi),當系統(tǒng)為農(nóng)村二級網(wǎng)調(diào)峰且城鎮(zhèn)熱負荷占總熱負荷比例不小于0.7,或系統(tǒng)為一級網(wǎng)集中調(diào)峰且城鎮(zhèn)熱負荷占總熱負荷比例不小于0.8時,適宜半徑原則上可擴大至13km。第六,以黑龍江省某典型的村鎮(zhèn)體系為例,分析村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖系統(tǒng)在不同方案下的經(jīng)濟效益。分析結(jié)果表明:采用秸稈固化燃料、農(nóng)村二級網(wǎng)調(diào)峰、農(nóng)村熱力站近村布置的方案具有最佳經(jīng)濟效益,年計算費用為10926.0萬元/a,相對于村鎮(zhèn)體系內(nèi)當前年供暖費用之和可降低271.3萬元/a。該方案單位面積單位熱量的供暖成本分別為26.66元/(m2·a)和56.73元/GJ,同城鎮(zhèn)既有集中供暖系統(tǒng)相比分別降為其81.6%和85.7%;同農(nóng)村當前分戶供暖形式相比分別升為其2.6倍和2倍,但可免除農(nóng)村居民供暖所需的時間和勞動量,提高供暖質(zhì)量并改善室內(nèi)空氣環(huán)境。最后,利用新一代大氣環(huán)境影響評價法規(guī)模型AERMOD對村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境效益進行分析評價。評價結(jié)果顯示,村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖系統(tǒng)的SO2、NOx、TSP日均濃度極值分別為4.71、11.01和4.49μg/m3,僅分別為當前供暖模式的3%、19%和7%,且當前供暖模式下SO2日均濃度的極值達162.53μg/m3,超過國家標準規(guī)定的限值150μg/m3。村鎮(zhèn)復合集中供暖系統(tǒng)環(huán)境效益顯著,且不同的系統(tǒng)設計方案間無明顯差異。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang province has rich straw resources, which has the resource conditions to popularize straw energy utilization technology. Using straw renewable energy in rural and small town areas to build heating, supply gas infrastructure, is in line with the direction of urban and rural integration, and embodies the development concept of "serving the rural village, driving the surrounding" function in small towns, and is also straw. Based on the research area of rural residents' living calorie in Heilongjiang Province, this paper studies the supply and demand relationship between the amount of straw and the hot demand in villages and towns, and then puts forward the small straw energy utilization technology. The thermal energy supply mode of urban and rural areas, and the study of energy, economy, environment and other aspects of the heating system in which the heating system is suitable. First, in the rural area of Heilongjiang, the field investigation of the living energy is carried out in the rural areas, the characteristics of the living energy of the rural residents are analyzed and the corresponding cooking and heating annual heat are calculated. The demand index is used to obtain the annual demand for living heat in rural areas of Heilongjiang province. The results show that straw is the most important living energy in rural areas of Heilongjiang Province, and it is used among the vast majority of farmers, but the comprehensive efficiency of biomass fuel is only 364MJ/ (m2. A) in the rural heating demand of 27.4%. Heilongjiang province. Equal to 368MJ/ (m2. A) of 1-3 layers of energy saving buildings in local towns; the annual heat demand index of rural cooking is 935MJ/ (human. A), lower than that of town 1036MJ/ (man. A). The heating demand of rural residents in Heilongjiang province is 1.76 x 1011MJ/a, which is nearly 10 times the heat demand of cooking years. Second, the concept of energy supply capacity of straw is put forward to evaluate not The relationship between the energy supply and demand of straw resources and the demand of living heat under the same straw energy utilization technology is carried out in the rural areas of 13 local administrative regions of Heilongjiang province. The results show that straw curing technology is suitable for all rural areas, and 7 of them have straw gasification technology at the same time. The technical combination of the curing heating and the dry distillation gasification for cooking has the feasibility of resource supply in all rural areas except Qitaihe, of which 10 of them supply more than 1.5, and there will be abundant residual straw. Third, based on the results of the study on the supply and demand of the above straw resources in the rural areas, and in combination with the small Heilongjiang Province The current situation of living energy in urban and rural areas and the requirements of the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the country, a kind of small town is put forward to cover the surrounding rural areas, and the straw dry distillation gasification is used to supply cooking gas, and the coal-fired thermoelectric unit / coal-fired boiler and straw boiler are the central heating source, and the village and town living heat combined with the solidified household heating is used as the compound supply. The model was used to evaluate the resource supply feasibility of the model in the village and town area of Heilongjiang province with the energy supply capacity of straw. The results showed that the supply capacity of the village and town's thermal energy compound supply mode was more than 1 in the 10 regions of Heilongjiang Province, concentrated in the ploughed land, and the straw resources were rich in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang. The plain area is more than 1.5 and has a good resource supply feasibility. Fourth, based on the system characteristics, the relative saving rate of fossil energy is used as the evaluation index for the replacement benefit of fossil energy sources. The optimization model is set up for the target and the relative saving rate of one energy, and the rational allocation and energy efficiency of the heat source are analyzed. The results show that the village town compound central heating system takes B12 and B25 back pressure thermoelectric unit as the suitable basic heat source, the heat source subsystem is relative to the current heating, and the form of power supply can save 10.9~32.7% The first energy (coal and straw) of fossil energy (coal burning) and 22.1~33.1%, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of B12 unit configuration is higher than that of B25 unit. Fifth, taking the village and town compound central heating network subsystem as the research object, the following two studies are carried out: 1) analysis the heat medium temperature in the heating period and the change characteristics of the flow in the heating period, and find the rural area. In the two level net peak regulating system, there are great differences in the flow trend and the return temperature of the rural first level network. It is necessary to monitor and adopt the joint adjustment. 2) the average power consumption heat ratio is considered as the evaluation index of the energy consumption of the heat transfer, and the energy consumption and the suitable heating of the village and town compound central heating system based on this index The radius is analyzed, and the suitable heating radius is generally within 7km. When the system is the two stage network in the countryside and the urban heat load is not less than 0.7 of the total heat load, or the system is centralized and the urban heat load is not less than 0.8 of the total heat load, the suitable radius can be extended to 13km. sixth in principle, which is in Heilongjiang province. A typical village and town system is taken as an example to analyze the economic benefits of the village and town compound central heating system under different schemes. The results show that the best economic benefit is obtained by using the straw solidified fuel, the rural two stage network peak adjustment and the village heating station near the village layout. The annual calculation cost is 109 million 260 thousand yuan /a, compared with the current annual heating in the village and town system. The cost of the sum can be reduced by 2 million 713 thousand yuan /a.. The heating cost per unit area of the unit area is 26.66 yuan / (M2 a) and 56.73 yuan /GJ respectively. Compared with the urban central heating system, the heating cost is reduced to 81.6% and 85.7% respectively. Compared with the current household heating forms in the rural areas, the heating costs are up to 2.6 and 2 times respectively, but can be exempt from the heating of rural residents. The heating quality was improved and the indoor air environment was improved. Finally, the new generation of atmospheric environmental impact assessment regulatory model AERMOD was used to evaluate the environmental benefits of the village and town central heating system. The results showed that the average daily concentration of SO2, NOx and TSP in the village and town central heating system was 4.71,11.01 and 4.71,11.01, respectively. 4.49 mu g/m3, only 3%, 19% and 7% of the current heating mode, and the extreme value of the average daily concentration of SO2 under the current heating mode is 162.53 mu g/m3, and the environmental benefits of the village and town central heating system with the limit value of the national standard are significant, and there is no obvious difference between the different system design schemes.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU832

【引證文獻】

相關會議論文 前1條

1 顧念祖;郭宏偉;張子馨;;中熱值秸稈熱解氣化是實施秸稈氣化工程的必由之路[A];江蘇省能源研究會成立二十周年紀念暨第十屆學術(shù)年會熱電專委會第十二屆年會暨學術(shù)報告會論文集[C];2004年

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本文編號：1833938