本文選題：農(nóng)村住宅 + 保溫隔熱　； 參考：《湖南大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會和經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,建筑節(jié)能已經(jīng)成為我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要組成部分。近年來,農(nóng)村住宅以每年5-7億m2的建設速度發(fā)展,其能源的消耗也必然在不斷增加。隨著新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設的進行,農(nóng)村居民對住宅環(huán)境舒適度的要求變得越來越高,為了緩解農(nóng)村住宅室內(nèi)熱舒適性較差的問題,大多數(shù)居民盲目的使用空調,由于現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)村住宅圍護結構保溫隔熱性能比較差,這樣勢必會造成更大的能源浪費。因此,針對適用于湖南農(nóng)村地區(qū)圍護結構保溫隔熱體系的研究就顯得尤為重要。本文首先通過對湖南地區(qū)370戶農(nóng)村居民進行問卷調研,發(fā)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)的農(nóng)村住宅63.2%為二層建筑,基底面積超過100m2的比例超過80%。對于該地區(qū)圍護結構的外墻、屋頂及門窗,其中外墻主要是“二四墻”,且墻體材料多為實心粘土磚,占所有墻體的75.7%;農(nóng)村住宅的屋頂多為坡屋頂,含有坡屋頂?shù)淖≌荚摰貐^(qū)所有住宅的83.2%;湖南農(nóng)村地區(qū)的窗戶以單層鋁合金為主,其比例達到了55.1%,且窗墻比明顯偏大。湖南地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅的外墻基本沒有采取任何保溫隔熱措施,且存在規(guī)劃不合理、缺乏技術支持和節(jié)能意識薄弱等問題。其次,基于調研結果,本文使用Design Builder軟件對湖南農(nóng)村地區(qū)比較常見的不同形式建筑進行建模分析,得出了該地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅圍護結構中外墻所占圍護結構總耗熱量的比例最大為50.6%-56.1%(其中坡屋頂形式住宅的外墻占圍護結構總耗熱量56.1%;平屋頂形式住宅的外墻占圍護結構總耗熱量的50.6%)。通過敏感性分析,確定外墻為農(nóng)村住宅圍護結構的研究重點。針對湖南地區(qū)幾種常見的外墻保溫隔熱材料進行模擬分析,得到擠塑聚苯板(XPS板)的節(jié)能率最大,其節(jié)能率提高了21.4%,綜合其他性能方面的比較分析,確定XPS板作為湖南地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅最佳的保溫隔熱材料。最后,通過對不同厚度的保溫隔熱材料進行模擬研究,結果表明隨著保溫層厚度的增加,全年累計耗冷量指標和全年總冷熱量指標均逐漸下降,當保溫層厚度達到20mm時,全年累計耗冷量指標下降趨勢將不再明顯,當保溫層厚度達到40mm時,全年總冷熱量指標的下降趨勢也將不再明顯。綜合考慮到生命周期內(nèi)供暖空調及保溫材料費用,當外墻保溫層的厚度為30mm時,建筑生命周期內(nèi)所對應的總費用最低。因此,湖南地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅外墻保溫隔熱體系最佳保溫厚度為30mm左右。本文的研究結果表明,湖南地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅圍護結構的墻體保溫隔熱技術可以很好的提高建筑的節(jié)能效益,同時也為既有住宅的節(jié)能改造提供一定的應用價值和理論依據(jù),為今后湖南地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅節(jié)能技術的發(fā)展起到推動作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, building energy conservation has become an important part of sustainable development in China. In recent years, rural housing is developing at a speed of 5-700 million m2 per year, and its energy consumption is bound to increase. With the development of new urbanization, the demand of rural residents for the comfort of residential environment becomes higher and higher. In order to alleviate the problem of poor indoor thermal comfort of rural housing, most residents blindly use air conditioning. Because of the poor thermal insulation performance of the existing rural housing enclosure, this will inevitably lead to a greater energy waste. Therefore, it is very important to study the insulation system of enclosure structure in rural area of Hunan province. Through the questionnaire survey of 370families of rural residents in Hunan province, it is found that 63.2% of the rural residential buildings in this area are two-story buildings, and the proportion of base area exceeding 100m2 is over 80%. For the exterior walls, roofs and doors and windows of the surrounding structures in this area, the outer walls are mainly "two or four walls", and most of the wall materials are solid clay bricks, accounting for 75.7% of all the walls, and the roofs of rural houses are mostly sloping roofs. The housing with sloping roof accounts for 83.2% of all the houses in this area, and the ratio of window to wall is 55.1 in the rural area of Hunan Province, and the ratio of window to wall is obviously larger. The exterior wall of rural residential buildings in Hunan area has not taken any measures of insulation and insulation, and there are some problems such as unreasonable planning, lack of technical support and weak awareness of energy conservation, etc. Secondly, based on the research results, this paper uses Design Builder software to model and analyze the different forms of buildings in rural areas of Hunan Province. It is concluded that the largest proportion of the total heat consumption of the exterior wall in the surrounding structure of rural residential buildings in this area is 50.6% -56.1% (56.1% of the total heat consumption of the exterior wall of the sloping roof type residence and 50.6% of the total heat consumption of the enclosure structure of the flat roof type residence. Through sensitivity analysis, the external wall is determined to be the focal point of the research on the enclosure structure of rural housing. Based on the simulation and analysis of several kinds of common exterior wall thermal insulation materials in Hunan area, the results show that the energy saving rate of extruded polystyrene board is the highest, and its energy saving rate has been increased by 21.40.Compared with the comparison and analysis of other properties, XPS board is determined as the best thermal insulation material for rural housing in Hunan province. Finally, through the simulation of different thickness thermal insulation materials, the results show that with the increase of the thickness of the insulation layer, the cumulative cooling consumption index and the annual total cooling heat index of the whole year are decreased gradually, when the thickness of the insulation layer reaches 20mm, The decrease trend of total cooling heat index will not be obvious when the thickness of insulation layer reaches 40mm. Considering the cost of heating, air conditioning and heat preservation materials in the life cycle, when the thickness of the insulation layer of the external wall is 30mm, the total cost corresponding to the life cycle of the building is the lowest. Therefore, the best thermal insulation system of rural residential exterior wall in Hunan area is about 30mm. The research results of this paper show that the wall heat preservation and heat insulation technology of rural housing envelope structure in Hunan area can improve the energy saving benefit of the building, and also provide certain applied value and theoretical basis for the energy saving reconstruction of the existing residence. It will promote the development of energy-saving technology of rural housing in Hunan area in the future.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU111.41

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