本文選題：風(fēng)洞試驗 + 高聳結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：航空塔、電視塔等高聳結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造型細(xì)長、柔度大,對隨機的風(fēng)荷載作用較為敏感,因此容易引起結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞和破壞,而橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)以其特殊的流線型截面形式受到了人們的關(guān)注。本文首先通過對武漢天河國際機場一橢圓形航空塔的風(fēng)壓和風(fēng)荷載特性分析,得到了一些有用的結(jié)論。為了獲得更多普遍性的結(jié)論,又設(shè)計了6種不同高寬比和厚寬比的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)剛性模型,根據(jù)剛性模型同步測壓風(fēng)洞實驗方法得到的實驗數(shù)據(jù),討論了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)壓分布、風(fēng)壓譜及相干性以及各層的三分力系數(shù)、風(fēng)荷載功率譜等。研究的具體內(nèi)容如下:結(jié)合武漢天河國際機場三期擴建空管工程塔臺剛性模型同步測壓風(fēng)洞試驗結(jié)果,對橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)荷載特性進行了研究。討論了典型風(fēng)向角下不同測點層的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)和極值風(fēng)壓系數(shù)的分布規(guī)律;基于測點層的風(fēng)荷載合力時程,采用快速傅里葉變換的方法,得到了橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)在90°風(fēng)向角(最大迎風(fēng)面)下的三維層風(fēng)荷載功率譜,并采用經(jīng)驗公式對其進行擬合,擬合效果較好;采用LRC法計算了平均風(fēng)荷載、背景和共振等效靜力風(fēng)荷載,并將結(jié)果與荷載規(guī)范建議的慣性風(fēng)荷載法計算結(jié)果對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種方法得到的等效靜力風(fēng)荷載吻合較好。對6種不同高寬比和厚寬比的橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)模型進行了剛性模型同步測壓風(fēng)洞試驗,選取了模型3(H/(?)=7.5,D/B=0.75)的風(fēng)洞試驗結(jié)果,研究了風(fēng)向角、測點位置及測點高度對模型表面的風(fēng)壓系數(shù)、風(fēng)壓系數(shù)功率譜及相干性的影響,得到了模型在長軸迎風(fēng)時的漩渦脫落頻率,并定義了模型在長軸迎風(fēng)時的迎風(fēng)面、過渡區(qū)和背風(fēng)面的分界點。利用經(jīng)驗公式擬合了典型測點的相干函數(shù),計算結(jié)果表明橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)在過渡區(qū)水平相干性最大,在曲率較大處豎向相干性最大,但水平和豎向相干性都比矩形結(jié)構(gòu)低。探討了風(fēng)場類別、厚寬比和高寬比對橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)層三分力系數(shù)和三維風(fēng)荷載功率譜的影響。采用不同的荷載譜數(shù)學(xué)模型對三維風(fēng)荷載功率譜進行擬合,并以湍流度和厚寬比為基本變量,對荷載譜數(shù)學(xué)模型中的參數(shù)進行二次擬合,建立了橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)無量綱層三維風(fēng)荷載功率譜關(guān)于湍流度和厚寬比的閉合公式,經(jīng)驗證擬合效果較好。并根據(jù)這些公式計算出了武漢航空塔各樓層的順風(fēng)向位移響應(yīng)均方根。為了進一步了解橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)順風(fēng)向和橫風(fēng)向風(fēng)荷載與扭轉(zhuǎn)向風(fēng)荷載的關(guān)系,給出了模型3在不同厚寬比下的順-扭和橫-扭相干函數(shù)曲線。結(jié)果表明橢圓形高聳結(jié)構(gòu)橫-扭相干性一般大于順-扭相干性,且較高的橫-扭相干性維持在較寬的頻率范圍內(nèi)或者具有多個峰值,而順-扭相干性一般較小,但在厚寬比接近1時相干性較大,驗證了厚寬比接近1時層扭矩系數(shù)最大的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The tall structures such as aerial towers and television towers are slender, flexible and sensitive to random wind loads, so they can easily cause fatigue and destruction of structures. The elliptical towering structure has attracted people's attention because of its special streamline section form. In this paper, the characteristics of wind pressure and wind load of an elliptical air tower in Wuhan Tianhe International Airport are analyzed, and some useful conclusions are obtained. In order to get more general conclusion, six standard elliptical tall structure rigid models with different aspect ratio and thick-width ratio are designed. According to the experimental data obtained from the wind tunnel experiment method of simultaneous pressure measurement of rigid model, The wind pressure distribution, wind pressure spectrum and coherence, the three-point force coefficient of each layer and the wind load power spectrum of the standard elliptical towering structure are discussed. The main contents are as follows: combined with the wind tunnel test results of tower rigid model of Wuhan Tianhe International Airport, the wind load characteristics of elliptical towering structures are studied. The distribution law of the average wind pressure coefficient and extreme wind pressure coefficient of different measuring points under typical wind direction angle are discussed, and the fast Fourier transform method is used based on the wind load resultant force time history of the measured point layer. The three-dimension wind load power spectrum of elliptical towering structure under 90 擄wind direction angle (maximum upwind surface) is obtained, and the empirical formula is used to fit it. The fitting effect is good. The average wind load is calculated by LRC method. The background and resonance equivalent static wind loads are compared with the results calculated by the inertial wind load method proposed in the load code. It is found that the equivalent static wind loads obtained by the two methods are in good agreement with each other. Six kinds of elliptical towering structure models with different aspect ratio and thickness ratio were tested in wind tunnel with rigid model synchronously. The wind tunnel test results of model 3 / H / D / B 0.75) were selected, and the wind direction angle was studied. The influence of measuring point position and height on the wind pressure coefficient, power spectrum and coherence of the model surface is obtained. The vortex shedding frequency of the model under the long axis upwind is obtained, and the upwind surface of the model during the long axis upwind is defined. The boundary point between the transition zone and the leeward surface. The coherence function of typical measured points is fitted by empirical formula. The calculation results show that the horizontal coherence of elliptical tall structures is the largest in the transition zone and the vertical coherence is the largest in the larger curvature, but the horizontal and vertical coherence is lower than that of the rectangular structures. The effects of wind field types, ratio of thickness to width and ratio of height to width on the three-point force coefficient and the three-dimensional wind load power spectrum of elliptical towering structures are discussed. Three dimensional wind load power spectrum is fitted with different load spectrum mathematical models, and the parameters of load spectrum mathematical model are fitted twice, taking turbulence degree and thickness width ratio as basic variables. The closure formula of three-dimensional wind load power spectrum of elliptical towering structures for turbulence and thickness to width ratio is established. The results show that the fitting effect is good. According to these formulas, the root mean square of the downwind displacement response of each floor of Wuhan aeronautical tower is calculated. In order to further understand the relationship between wind load and torsional wind load of elliptical towering structures, the coherence function curves of para-torsion and transverse torsion under different thick-width ratios are given in model 3. The results show that the transverse and torsional coherence of elliptical towering structures is generally greater than that of para-torsional coherence, and the higher transverse and torsional coherence is maintained in a wide frequency range or has multiple peaks, while the cis-torsional coherence is generally smaller. However, when the ratio of thickness to width is close to 1, the coherence is larger, which verifies the conclusion that the ratio of thickness to width is close to 1, and the maximum torque coefficient is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU312.1

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