本文選題：中小教學樓 + 抗震�。� 參考：《長沙理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國存在大量的磚混結構中小教學樓,歷經數(shù)次地震表明,若教學樓這種建筑沒有合理的抗震設計,極容易倒塌和造成人員傷亡。因此,提高對中小學教學樓的重視程度,加強中小學教學樓抗震是當今社會的重中之重。磚混結構中小教學樓在地震中倒塌率很高,對于其倒塌原因的分析我們往往忽略了窗間墻的影響,只考慮了平面內的地震作用力。窗間墻在地震作用下是易倒塌墻,磚混結構中小教學樓大多采取縱橫混合承重體系,它實際上是由無筋砌體縱向窗間墻與鋼筋混凝土進深梁形成的“框架”以及橫向砌體“剪力墻”組成的“框架-剪力墻”結構。設計中,這種側向剛度很小的“框架”受到忽視,然而大震時,砌體剪力墻開裂,樓蓋水平位移大大增加,砌體縱向窗間墻平面外水平位移大大增加窗間墻倒塌。通過鋼筋網水泥砂漿對磚砌橫墻和窗間墻進行加固,加固后的橫墻、窗間墻就會形成組合砌體墻、組合砌體柱。對比混凝土框架-剪力墻結構,本文提出了采用“組合砌體框架-剪力墻”計算方法對磚混結構中小教學進行加固計算�！敖M合砌體框架-剪力墻”計算方法主要包括三大塊:內力計算、承載力驗算、位移驗算。一、內力計算。結構的內力分析和混凝土框架-剪力墻計算方法類似,但區(qū)別主要是體現(xiàn)在用鋼筋網水泥砂漿加固的組合砌體墻、組合砌體柱與混凝土剪力墻、混凝土柱上,包括剛度參數(shù)的計算、內力的調整、內力的組合等。二、承載力驗算。承載力驗算包括組合墻抗剪承載力驗算和組合柱受壓承載力驗算。文中提出的組合墻的抗剪承載力計算公式充分考了慮磚墻高寬比、軸壓比、面層砂漿強度、厚度、鋼筋強度、配筋率等的共同影響,彌補了現(xiàn)有組合墻抗剪承載力計算公式得不足。文中的組合柱承載力計算方法是采用砌體結構設計規(guī)范組合磚砌體偏心受壓構件承載力的計算公式。三、位移驗算。“組合砌體框架-剪力墻”計算方法對于位移的驗算包括多遇地震下和罕遇地震下兩部分。多遇地震的位移計算與混凝土框架-剪力墻計算方法類似,其變形限值取抗震規(guī)范中的1/1000。罕遇地震的變形驗算同樣是采用混凝土框架-剪力墻的計算方法,但其變形限值是通過對純砌體結構下窗間墻的最大容許位移計算得到,采用南加州結構工程師協(xié)會提出的砌體的層間容許變形公式得到,其變形限值為1/150。對于提出的“組合砌體框架-剪力墻”計算方法,本文還進行了工程實例分析。通過“加固前無筋砌體計算方法”、“加固后傳統(tǒng)方法計算方法”、“組合砌體框架-剪力墻計算方法”三種計算方法在實例中得到的計算結果,得到組合砌體框架-剪力墻計算方法能夠能完整的驗算結構在加固后地震作用的每個階段的受力和變形的優(yōu)點�？偟膩碚f,本文提出的“組合砌體框架-剪力墻”計算方法為磚混結構中小教學樓抗震加固計算提供了一種新的途徑。
[Abstract]:China has a large number of small and medium-sized brick concrete structure teaching building, after several earthquakes show that, if the teaching building construction without reasonable seismic design, very easy to collapse and casualties. Therefore, to improve the degree of attention to elementary and middle school building, teaching building seismic strengthening of primary and secondary school is the priority among priorities in today's society and teaching. Floor brick structure collapsed at a high rate in the earthquake, for its analysis of the causes of the collapse of the US often ignored the effect of wall between windows, only consider the seismic force in the plane. The wall between windows under earthquake is easy to collapse of the wall, brick and concrete structure of small and medium-sized buildings mostly adopts the combined load bearing system, it is actually the masonry longitudinal wall between windows and reinforced concrete deep beams formed "framework" and "horizontal masonry shear wall" composed of "frame shear wall structure. In the design, the lateral stiffness is very small "Framework" has been neglected, however large earthquakes, the cracking of the masonry shear wall, floor horizontal displacement increases greatly, masonry longitudinal wall between windows out of plane displacement greatly increase the wall between windows collapsed. Through the brick wall and cross wall between windows of cement mortar reinforced with steel mesh reinforcement, transverse wall reinforcement, the wall between windows it will form a composite masonry wall, composite masonry columns. Concrete frame shear wall structure, this paper proposes a reinforcement calculation method of combined masonry frame shear wall of brick concrete structure teaching. "Small and medium-sized composite masonry frame shear wall calculation method mainly includes three parts: internal force calculation, bearing capacity checking. Displacement calculation. A calculation of internal force. The internal force analysis and concrete frame - shear wall structure calculation method is similar, but the difference is mainly reflected in the strengthening with reinforced mortar composite masonry wall, masonry column combined with coagulation Shear wall, concrete column, including the calculation of stiffness, internal force adjustment, internal force combination. Two, bearing capacity. Capacity checking including checking the bearing capacity of composite columns and checking the bearing capacity of composite shear wall composite wall is proposed in this paper. The calculation formula of the shear strength of the full test consider the wall height width ratio, axial compression ratio, mortar strength, surface layer thickness, steel strength, influence of reinforcement ratio, make up the existing composite wall shear strength calculation formula of the shortage. The bearing capacity of composite columns is calculated by the bearing capacity of composite brick masonry subjected to eccentric component calculation the formula of masonry structure design. Three, displacement calculation. "Composite masonry frame shear wall calculation method for displacement calculation including under frequent earthquake and rare earthquake of two. Calculate the displacement calculation and concrete frame - shear wall earthquake A similar method, the deformation deformation limit value of seismic code in 1/1000. is also a rare earthquake by using the calculation method of concrete frame shear wall, the deformation limit is obtained by the maximum allowable displacement of wall between windows pure masonry structure calculation, the masonry proposedsouth California Structural Engineers Association of the layer between the allowable deformation formula, the deformation limit of 1/150. for the "composite masonry frame shear wall" method, this paper through the analysis of engineering examples. "Before the reinforcement of masonry calculation method, calculation method of reinforcement after the traditional method, the composite masonry frame shear wall calculation method" three kinds of calculation methods in the case of the calculation results, a calculation method of composite masonry frame shear wall structure can check to complete each stage in strengthening earthquake force and change The shape of the advantages. In general, the proposed "composite masonry frame shear wall calculation method provides a new way for the calculation of small brick concrete structure teaching building seismic strengthening.

【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU364;TU352.11

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