本文選題：德宏 + 景頗族��； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：景頗族是我國(guó)少數(shù)民族之一,主要聚居在云南省德宏州境內(nèi),景頗族是一個(gè)獨(dú)具特色的民族,其民居形式更是獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟�！伴L(zhǎng)脊短檐”的倒梯形屋面是景頗族民居形式的一個(gè)顯著特征,它體現(xiàn)出對(duì)早期干欄屋頂形式的一種文化承接,這在現(xiàn)今的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)民居建筑中是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。景頗族來(lái)源于氐羌部落,“長(zhǎng)脊短檐”式的干欄建筑是百越文化的顯著特點(diǎn),而在云南古代,氐羌和百越是雜處的狀態(tài),所以,景頗族的傳統(tǒng)的“矮腳低樓式”房屋是受百越文化的影響而形成。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和各民族之間的交流融合,景頗族傳統(tǒng)的“矮腳低樓式”房屋逐漸被淘汰,發(fā)展出了高樓式、傣族干欄式、外廊式、落地式等幾種新的房屋形式。這些新的房屋形式除落地式外都是干欄式建筑,說(shuō)明景頗族人民對(duì)干欄式建筑的喜愛(ài)。阿摩斯·拉普卜特認(rèn)為住屋形式的形成是一系列社會(huì)文化作用的產(chǎn)物,同時(shí),氣候狀況、建造方式、建筑材料、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素和技術(shù)手段等對(duì)形式的產(chǎn)生起著一定的影響作用。根據(jù)阿摩斯·拉普卜特的這一理論,論文從氣候、建筑材料、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、技術(shù)因素、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、政治制度及宗教意識(shí)等方面分析了景頗族住屋的發(fā)展。在這些影響景頗族住屋形式發(fā)展的因素中,宗教意識(shí)的限定是最根深蒂固的。景頗族信仰萬(wàn)物有靈,這一觀念使得景頗族的住屋打上了很深的宗教烙印。盡管景頗族的住屋形式發(fā)生了很多變化,但住屋內(nèi)的一些設(shè)置一直是固定不變的,比如客廳里的火塘和供奉祖先的鬼臺(tái)。隨著景頗族地區(qū)生活水平的提高,火塘的實(shí)用性功能大為減弱,但景頗族住屋內(nèi)仍保留著火塘,這是因?yàn)榫邦H族的火神崇拜似的火塘具有了神圣的宗教意味。景頗族住屋的宗教因素不僅表現(xiàn)在室內(nèi)陳設(shè)上,還表現(xiàn)在住屋的建造過(guò)程中,從地基的選擇到到建房再到進(jìn)新房,這期間有很多祭祀活動(dòng)。在景頗族住屋的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,既有變化又有不變。濕熱的氣候使景頗族人民一直保持著樓居的習(xí)慣,建筑材料和技術(shù)的改進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高使景頗族住屋形式發(fā)生了多樣的變化,而宗教意識(shí)的限定又使景頗族住屋內(nèi)的某些設(shè)置流傳至今,從而保留了本民族的特色。
[Abstract]:Jingpo is one of the minority nationalities in China, mainly living in Dehong, Yunnan Province. Jingpo is a unique ethnic group, and its residential form is unique.The inverted trapezoid roof of "long ridge and short eaves" is a remarkable feature of Jingpo folk residence form, which embodies a cultural acceptance of the early dry column roof form, which is unique in the modern Chinese traditional residential buildings.The Jingpo people originated from the Di-Qiang tribe, and the "long ridge and short eaves" style dry hurdles architecture is a prominent feature of Baiyue culture, but in ancient Yunnan, Diqiang and Baiyue were more mixed, so,Jingpo's traditional "low-foot low-rise" house was formed by the influence of Baiyue culture.With the progress of technology and the integration of communication among different nationalities, the traditional "low foot and low floor" houses of Jingpo nationality have been gradually eliminated, and several new housing forms, such as tall building, Dai dry hurdle, veranda, floor, etc, have been developed.These new housing forms are all dry-column buildings except floor style, indicating the Jingpo people's love for dry-fence buildings.Amos Rappout believes that the formation of housing form is the product of a series of social and cultural functions, and climate conditions, construction methods, building materials, economic factors and technical means play a certain role in the formation of the form.According to Amos Lapper's theory, the paper analyzes the development of Jingpo's housing from the aspects of climate, building materials, economic factors, technical factors, family structure, political system and religious consciousness.Of these factors affecting the development of housing forms of the Jingpo people, religious consciousness is the most deep-rooted.The Jingpo people believe in animism, which makes the houses of the Jingpo people deeply religious.Although many changes have taken place in the housing style of the Jingpo people, some of the houses have always been fixed, such as the fire pond in the living room and the ghost terrace for their ancestors.With the improvement of living standard in Jingpo area, the practical function of fire pond is weakened greatly, but the fire pond is still kept in the house of Jingpo nationality, because the fire pond of Jingpo nationality has a sacred religious meaning.The religious factors of Jingpo's houses are not only in the interior furnishings, but also in the process of house construction, from the choice of foundation to the construction of houses to the new houses. During this period, there are a lot of sacrificial activities.In the Jingpo housing development process, there are both changes and changes.The warm and humid climate has kept the Jingpo people in the habit of living in buildings. The improvement of building materials and technology, and the improvement of the economic level, have resulted in a variety of changes in the housing forms of the Jingpo people.However, the limitation of religious consciousness has made some settings in the houses of Jingpo people pass on to this day, thus retaining their own characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU253

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