本文選題：居住建筑　切入點：火災(zāi)蔓延　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：目前,在居住建筑外立面的防火設(shè)計中,無論從規(guī)范還是從設(shè)計角度都將目光和思路局限在建筑外墻保溫材料的不燃性能上,而從建筑設(shè)計本身的角度去思考和阻止居住建筑外立面的火災(zāi)蔓延可謂少之又少。建筑師在建筑立面防火方面的職責被邊緣化,立面防火設(shè)計成為材料設(shè)計的附屬品。本文以阻止住宅建筑外立面火災(zāi)蔓延為研究目標,提出在不依靠保溫材料不燃性的前提下,通過建筑設(shè)計的手法及對立面元素整合設(shè)計,從而達到阻止建筑立面火災(zāi)蔓延效果的防火思路。將建筑外立面防火以建筑設(shè)計的方法解決。主要工作和結(jié)論如下:(1)借助數(shù)值模擬軟件FDS模擬分析了居住平面形式的差異對建筑外立面火災(zāi)蔓延的影響,通過溫度、速度和CO濃度的對比得出L型平面形式、凹槽平面形式對建筑外立面的影響,并對比標準平面形式(矩形平面)判斷其是否可以阻止或者減緩居住建筑外立面火災(zāi)蔓延。同時通過溫度、煙氣蔓延速度和CO濃度的對比模擬分析了凹槽式平面建筑中只改變凹槽進深或者面寬對建筑外立面火災(zāi)蔓延的影響。(2)借助數(shù)值模擬軟件FDS,通過與普通外窗的溫度、速度和CO濃度對比,得出飄窗模型在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時,對建筑外立面火災(zāi)蔓延的影響。同時針對保持飄窗下檐挑出外墻長度不變(400mm)而改變上檐挑出外墻的長度(500mm、600mm、700mm),保持飄窗上檐挑出外墻長度不變(400mm)而改變下檐挑出外墻的長度(500mm、600mm、700mm)以及飄窗上、下檐挑出外墻的長度均改變(500mm、600mm、700mm)三種類型的模型進行溫度、煙氣蔓延速度和CO濃度對比,得出飄窗上檐挑出、飄窗下檐挑出、飄窗上、下檐一起挑出三種情況的飄窗在居住建筑發(fā)生火災(zāi)時對建筑外立面火災(zāi)蔓延的影響,并且通過溫度、煙氣蔓延速度和CO濃度對比,模擬分析了飄窗高度與窗檻墻高度的不同比值以及飄窗寬度與窗間墻寬度的不同比值對居住建筑外立面火災(zāi)豎向蔓延的影響。(3)選取矩形平面形式的居住類建筑,通過對飄窗、陽臺、防火挑檐的整合設(shè)計,提出由建筑設(shè)計的手法使得居住建筑外立面的火災(zāi)蔓延得到有效的阻隔或者減緩。
[Abstract]:At present, in the fire prevention design of the exterior facades of residential buildings, both from the standard and from the design point of view, the vision and ideas are limited to the non-combustible properties of the thermal insulation material of the exterior wall of the building.From the angle of architectural design, it is rare to think and prevent the fire spread on the outer facade of residential buildings.Architects' responsibilities in building facade fire prevention have been marginalized, and facade fire-proof design has become an adjunct to material design.The aim of this paper is to prevent the spread of fire on the outer facade of residential buildings. It is proposed that the design of the exterior facade of residential buildings should be carried out by means of architectural design and the integration of opposite elements without relying on the nonflammability of thermal insulation materials.In order to prevent the building facade fire spread effect of fire prevention ideas.The fire prevention of the exterior facade of the building is solved by the method of architectural design.The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) by using the numerical simulation software FDS, this paper analyzes the influence of the difference of residential plane form on the fire spread of the building's outer facade, and obtains the L-shape plane form by comparing the temperature, velocity and CO concentration.The influence of grooves on the exterior facade of the building is compared with that of the standard plane (rectangular plane) to determine whether it can prevent or slow down the spread of fire on the outer facade of residential buildings.At the same time, through the temperature,The comparison and analysis of smoke spread velocity and CO concentration. The influence of only changing the depth or width of the groove on the fire spread of the outer facade of the building is analyzed by means of the numerical simulation software FDS, and the temperature of the outside window is compared with that of the common outer window.By comparing the velocity with CO concentration, the influence of floating window model on the fire spread on the outer facade of the building is obtained.The length of the outer wall of the lower eaves was all changed by changing the length of the outer wall of 500mm / 600mm / 700mm) the temperature, the velocity of smoke spread and the concentration of CO were compared between the three types of models. It was concluded that the upper eaves of the floated window, the lower eaves of the floated windows, and the upper ones of the floated windows,Under the eaves together to pick out three cases of floating windows in residential buildings when the fire on the building facade fire spread, and through the temperature, smoke spread speed and CO concentration comparison,This paper simulates and analyzes the influence of the different ratio of the height of floating window to the height of sill wall and the ratio of the width of floating window to the width of wall between windows on the vertical spread of fire on the outer facade of residential building.The integrated design of balcony and fire-proof eaves puts forward that the fire spread on the outer facade of residential buildings can be effectively blocked or slowed down by architectural design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU998.1
，

本文編號：1716133