本文選題：集約化鄉(xiāng)村　切入點(diǎn)：開放住宅　出處：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)形塑空間的邏輯表現(xiàn)為建造者與使用者的一體化。但是,受工業(yè)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化分工的影響,現(xiàn)今住宅的建造者與使用者被迫分離,表現(xiàn)為住戶在城市住宅與鄉(xiāng)村住宅建造過(guò)程中的權(quán)力失配,建造的權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)由專業(yè)的建筑師和建造商掌控。在這種背景下,一方面,鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中大量套用城市的住宅戶型和規(guī)劃模式,使得鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)貌變得機(jī)械、生硬,原本尺度宜人、充滿田園風(fēng)光的鄉(xiāng)村聚落變成了整齊劃一的單調(diào)社區(qū),“以城代鄉(xiāng)”、“千村一面”的傾向日趨明顯；另一方面,專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)的住宅產(chǎn)品雖能改善居住舒適度和建造質(zhì)量,但多數(shù)住宅未能契合村民的生活、生產(chǎn)習(xí)慣,農(nóng)民對(duì)空間使用的自主性較之以前受到極大限制,難以滿足村民的多功能需求。研究以國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)號(hào)：51408343)《雙重組織驅(qū)動(dòng)的集約化鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)：邏輯建構(gòu)、模型演化與空間生成》為依托,針對(duì)以上這兩方面鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)空間發(fā)展的問(wèn)題,嘗試在集約化鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)的統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上,將部分建造權(quán)力歸還給村民,指導(dǎo)并協(xié)助他們參與鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)建設(shè),以期協(xié)同改善鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)貌。首先,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)、外鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)的開放體系理論與實(shí)踐案例進(jìn)行綜述,通過(guò)研究鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)空間組織的三種模式——統(tǒng)一建造模式、自發(fā)建造模式以及多方參與模式——梳理分析既有成果的優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足,提出更適用于北方集約化鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)的理論模型。其次,從自發(fā)建造要素、宅基地及其住宅形態(tài)特征要素、鄉(xiāng)村住宅生活與生產(chǎn)空間形態(tài)要素、鄉(xiāng)村住宅基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施特征和鄉(xiāng)村住宅結(jié)構(gòu)體系特征等五個(gè)層面,對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)不同空間特征要素進(jìn)行分類、調(diào)研,選取200個(gè)宅基地形態(tài)樣本和40個(gè)戶型樣本,歸納出宅基地形態(tài)、生產(chǎn)生活空間形態(tài)及基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施和結(jié)構(gòu)體系特征等要素的規(guī)律。最后,以鄉(xiāng)村住宅的統(tǒng)建單元為基礎(chǔ),建立北方集約化鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)開放住宅的空間組織模型——以統(tǒng)一建造為主要特征的統(tǒng)建單元和以自助建造為主要特征的單元拓展空間——分別從建造模式研究的初始條件、統(tǒng)建單元及各要素銜接設(shè)計(jì)、統(tǒng)建單元拓展原則等三個(gè)層次開展研究,通過(guò)設(shè)定一系列控制鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)空間組織與演化的關(guān)鍵規(guī)則,借助計(jì)算機(jī)模擬完成對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村開放住宅統(tǒng)建單元的拓展研究,達(dá)到鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)規(guī)劃空間與自助空間的協(xié)同共生。
[Abstract]:The logic of traditional rural residential space in China is the integration of builder and user.However, under the influence of industrialization and industrial division of labor, the present housing builders and users are forced to separate, which is manifested by the mismatch of power between urban and rural housing construction.The power of construction is transferred to the hands of professional architects and builders.In this context, on the one hand, in the design process of rural settlements, a large number of urban residential units and planning patterns are applied, making the rural landscape become mechanical, stiff, and originally of a pleasant scale.Rural settlements full of pastoral scenery have become a uniform and monotonous community, with the tendency of "replacing the countryside with cities" and "one side of a thousand villages" becoming increasingly obvious. On the other hand, the residential products built by professional teams can improve the living comfort and construction quality.However, most of the houses can not meet the villagers' life, production habits, farmers' autonomy in space use is greatly restricted than before, it is difficult to meet the multi-functional needs of villagers.Based on the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Grant No.: 51408343) < intensive rural settlements driven by dual organizations: logical construction, model evolution and spatial generation ", this paper aims at the problems of the spatial development of rural settlements in these two aspects."On the basis of the unified planning and construction of intensive rural settlements, this paper attempts to return part of the construction power to villagers, to guide and assist them to participate in the construction of rural settlements, with a view to improving the rural landscape in a coordinated manner.First of all, it summarizes the open system theory and practice cases of the rural residential area in China and outside, through the study of three modes of spatial organization of rural settlements-unified construction model.This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the spontaneous construction model and the multi-participation model, and puts forward a theoretical model which is more suitable for the planning and construction of intensive rural settlements in the north.Secondly, from five aspects: spontaneous building elements, homestead and its residential form characteristics, rural residential life and production space form elements, rural housing infrastructure features and rural housing structure system characteristics.The paper classifies different spatial features of rural residential areas, investigates, selects 200 samples of homestead form and 40 samples of household type, and concludes the form of homestead.Production and living space form and basic service facilities and structural system characteristics and other elements of the law.Finally, on the basis of the whole unit of rural residence,To establish the spatial organization model of open housing in intensive rural residential areas in North China-the unified building unit with unified construction as the main feature and the unit with self-help construction as the main feature to expand space-from the initial conditions of the construction model study, respectively.Three levels of research are carried out, namely, the design of integration units and the linking design of elements, and the principles of expansion of units. By setting up a series of key rules to control the spatial organization and evolution of rural settlements,With the help of computer simulation, the research on the expansion of the unit of rural open residential building is completed, and the cooperative symbiosis between the planning space and the self-help space of rural residential area is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.4

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