本文選題：建筑節(jié)能　切入點：節(jié)能潛力　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：從全球范圍來看，建筑用能占一次能源消耗的20~40%，在某些發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)甚至高達(dá)45%。中國正處于加快推進(jìn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵時期，建筑與工業(yè)、交通成為能源使用的三大主力行業(yè)，其中又以建筑節(jié)能的潛力最為巨大。但是，現(xiàn)有研究對于中國建筑節(jié)能的總體狀況與政策缺乏明確的闡述與定量分析。本文試圖通過多種定性和定量方法的綜合運用，對中國建筑節(jié)能總體狀況進(jìn)行分析與評價，并有針對性地提出政策建議。首先，運用文獻(xiàn)計量方法，對建筑節(jié)能領(lǐng)域的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行定量化分析與評述，介紹建筑節(jié)能的研究現(xiàn)狀、熱點及趨勢。其次，基于全生命周期評價方法，建立中國建筑能源消費計算模型，明確中國建筑能源消費現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展特點。然后，通過不同的政策情景模擬，分析未來中國建筑領(lǐng)域的節(jié)能空間及潛力，為合理確定建筑節(jié)能目標(biāo)提供依據(jù)。另外，針對中國建筑節(jié)能發(fā)展中存在的動力不足問題，利用成本效益分析的方法，結(jié)合具體的綠色建筑項目案例比較分析，對發(fā)展節(jié)能建筑的經(jīng)濟(jì)性進(jìn)行闡釋，強調(diào)建筑節(jié)能工作中存在的挑戰(zhàn)。最后，將中國現(xiàn)有的建筑節(jié)能政策與國外建筑節(jié)能政策工具體系進(jìn)行比較分析，結(jié)合中國具體國情及發(fā)展中存在的問題，為中國建筑節(jié)能的有效落實提供對策性建議，并提出了適合中國特色的建筑節(jié)能政策選擇。 本文分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)中國建筑全生命周期能耗總量呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的態(tài)勢，建筑運行能耗、建筑材料生產(chǎn)能耗以及農(nóng)村居住建筑能耗應(yīng)給予重點關(guān)注。2)中國建筑節(jié)能潛力空間巨大。合適的政策實施強度是有可能減緩甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)中國建筑能耗快速增長的態(tài)勢。在強化政策實施情景下，建筑部門在2020年、2025年和2030年可分別實現(xiàn)1.3億、3.1億和5.5億tce的節(jié)能量。其中，建筑運行階段的節(jié)能潛力占比是最大的，達(dá)到了60%~70%。3)中國建筑節(jié)能發(fā)展動力不足，但可通過信息干預(yù)等手段刺激內(nèi)在動機(jī)，通過合理的建筑節(jié)能激勵機(jī)制設(shè)計以及可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益驅(qū)動外部節(jié)能，從而在雙重動力作用下加快發(fā)展建筑節(jié)能。4)中國建筑節(jié)能政策目標(biāo)應(yīng)從“提高能效”轉(zhuǎn)向“總量控制”，，且采取強制性與自愿性政策組合使用效果最優(yōu)。這些研究結(jié)果將有助于中國建筑節(jié)能工作的進(jìn)一步深化，對于中國的快速城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)以及長遠(yuǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Globally, construction energy accounts for 20% of primary energy consumption, and even up to 45% in some developed regions. China is in the critical period of accelerating industrialization, urbanization and new rural construction, construction and industry. Transportation has become the three major energy use industries, among which the potential of building energy conservation is the greatest. The present research is lack of clear explanation and quantitative analysis on the overall situation and policy of building energy conservation in China. This paper attempts to analyze and evaluate the overall situation of building energy conservation in China through the comprehensive application of many qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly, using the method of literature measurement, the paper makes quantitative analysis and comment on the literature in the field of building energy conservation, and introduces the research status, hot spots and trends of building energy conservation. Based on the whole life cycle evaluation method, the calculation model of Chinese architectural energy consumption is established, and the current situation and development characteristics of China's architectural energy consumption are clarified. Then, through different policy scenarios, This paper analyzes the energy saving space and potential in the future construction field in China, and provides the basis for reasonably determining the building energy saving target. In addition, the method of cost-benefit analysis is used to solve the problem of insufficient power in the development of building energy conservation in China. Based on the comparative analysis of specific green building projects, this paper explains the economy of the development of energy-saving buildings, and emphasizes the challenges in building energy-saving work. By comparing the existing building energy conservation policy in China with the foreign building energy conservation policy tool system, combining the specific situation of China and the problems existing in the development, this paper provides some suggestions for the effective implementation of building energy conservation in China. And put forward the choice of building energy saving policy suitable for Chinese characteristics. The results of this paper show that the total energy consumption of Chinese architecture in the whole life cycle is increasing, and the energy consumption of building operation is increasing. The energy consumption of building materials production and rural residential buildings should be paid more attention to. 2) the potential of building energy conservation in China is huge. The appropriate policy implementation intensity is likely to slow down or even reverse the rapid growth of building energy consumption in China. In the context of strengthening policy implementation, In 2020, 2025 and 2030, the construction sector can achieve energy saving of 130 million, 310 million and 550 million tce, respectively. However, it can stimulate internal motivation through information intervention, and drive external energy conservation through reasonable design of energy saving incentive mechanism and considerable economic benefits. In order to accelerate the development of building energy conservation under the action of dual motive force, the policy goal of building energy conservation in China should be changed from "improving energy efficiency" to "total quantity control", and the combination of mandatory and voluntary policies should be adopted to achieve the best results. The results will be helpful to further deepen the work of building energy conservation in China. For China's rapid urbanization and long-term sustainable development is of great significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU201.5;TU111.195

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