本文選題：干欄　切入點：中國西南地區(qū)　出處：《重慶大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文是基于對西南地區(qū)現(xiàn)存的豐富的干欄建筑的田野調(diào)查和現(xiàn)有研究成果,對西南地區(qū)干欄建筑體系的系統(tǒng)性研究,目的是在西南地域文化視野下系統(tǒng)總結(jié)西南廣大地域中多樣化的干欄的系統(tǒng)關(guān)系和特點。針對目前對單一地區(qū)或單一民族干欄研究的現(xiàn)狀,本研究具有“整體觀”的積極意義,對更全面把握西南干欄建筑文化和加深對西南地域建筑文化的認識有重要價值。論文選取西南地區(qū)具有代表性和保持著較為完好原生態(tài)的村落或集鎮(zhèn)作為干欄的樣本采集地。通過在這些村落、集鎮(zhèn)展開的田野調(diào)查、測繪訪談等工作,一方面補充和完善了西南地區(qū)干欄的影像、圖紙資料,另一方面動態(tài)地考察了西南地區(qū)干欄建筑的特征演變與空間分布的關(guān)系,結(jié)合學界已取得的研究成果,為系統(tǒng)研究提供了基礎(chǔ)。在歷史文化層面,先從對世界范圍內(nèi)的干欄文化現(xiàn)象進行闡述,指出了世界柵居現(xiàn)象的存在是源自人類早期文化的同源性,再從民族關(guān)系和文化特質(zhì)上分析了亞太柵居文化區(qū)的親緣性。在中國范圍內(nèi),利用考古遺址,出土器物和古代文獻中的信息探索了中國干欄的興衰過程和形態(tài)出現(xiàn)分化的歷史節(jié)點。在針對西南干欄體系的研究上,論文運用了文化地理學中“形式文化區(qū)”的概念,將“干欄”作為一種形式文化的指標,根據(jù)這個指標的分布情況,確定出滇西沿邊地區(qū),黔南桂北山區(qū),武陵山地區(qū)三大干欄建筑文化的核心區(qū)。并從地理和歷史的角度,闡述了這三大核心區(qū)空間范圍的結(jié)構(gòu)、形成過程是和西南地區(qū)歷史上的民族自治、移民活動、改土歸流這些政治活動以及對外的交通路線布局有直接關(guān)系的。結(jié)合這三個核心區(qū)的人文地理特點,對其“地域文化屬性”與其“建筑類型特征”進行關(guān)聯(lián)性研究,在區(qū)域差異和類型差異兩條線索上做出“區(qū)、系、類型”的區(qū)劃,并結(jié)合實例詳細剖析各區(qū)系類型的建筑特征,總結(jié)出干欄建筑在空間上從滇西沿邊到黔南桂北,再到武陵山的三個區(qū)域,代表了滇云系、黔桂系和武陵系三個不同的區(qū)系,在這樣的地域空間內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)出了從原生(全干欄)——嬗變(半干欄)——蛻化(局部干欄及山地建筑)的演化歷程。對于干欄的“群體”——聚落,運用“文化景觀”的概念進行研究,剖析“人地關(guān)系”、“人人關(guān)系”的互動結(jié)果對聚落最終物質(zhì)形態(tài)的影響。在營造學的范疇,總結(jié)了西南地區(qū)干欄建筑中具有代表性的“叉手”和“穿斗”兩種結(jié)構(gòu)體系在屋架、出挑檐口等方面的技術(shù)特征,從匠作文化的層面分析了西南地區(qū)風俗各異的營建習俗下共通的匠作文化的機制。論文結(jié)構(gòu)上形成了從文化、文化區(qū)、建筑、聚落、營造幾個層面的整體研究框架。從研究方法上引入了“人文地理學”的方法,參考了“考古學”、“民族學”的研究成果,實現(xiàn)了干欄研究領(lǐng)域的學科交叉;從研究結(jié)論上分析了地域文化視角下西南地區(qū)干欄的譜系關(guān)系,以及從區(qū)系建筑類型特征的對比中總結(jié)出的干欄的形態(tài)演化規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the southwest region existing abundant dry field investigation of buildings and the existing research results, systematic research on the architecture of the southwestern region of the dry column, the purpose is summed up in the southwest region of diverse stem column system, and the characteristics of the southwest regional culture from the perspective of the system. According to the present situation of a single region or a single national dry column study, has the positive significance of the "wholeness" in this study, a more comprehensive grasp of the southwest of Ganlan architecture culture and deepen understanding of the southwest regional architectural culture has important value. This paper selects the southwest representative and maintained a relatively intact the original ecology of the village or town as a sample of dry column acquisition. Through field investigation in these villages, town expansion, survey interviews, on the one hand, supplement and perfect the bar image, dry southwest drawings, the other party To examine the relationship between dynamic evolution characteristics of buildings and the spatial distribution of the dry southwest region, combined with the research results have been obtained, and provides a basis for system research. In the historical and cultural level, first described from the Ganlan cultural phenomenon in the world, pointed out the existence of the world is the gate home phenomenon from the human homologue of the early culture, from the ethnic relations and cultural characteristics of the Asia Pacific gate home affinity cultural area. In Chinese range, the use of archaeological sites, unearthed artifacts and ancient literature information in the exploration of China stem decline process and form of historical node differentiation in a study of columns. Southwest dry column system, the use of cultural geography in "Cultural District" concept, the "Ganlan" as a form of cultural indicators, according to the distribution of the index, determine the West Yunnan border. Qiannan District, North Guangxi area, the core area of Wuling area three big buildings and culture. From the geographical and historical perspectives, expounds the structure of the space of three core area, and is the formation process of ethnic autonomy, southwest the history of immigration, soil improvement is directly related to the stream of these political activities and the external traffic route layout. Combined with the geographical characteristics of the three core areas, related research on the "regional culture attribute" and "building types", "area, regional differences and differences in type two clues, the zoning types", and combined with the architectural features of a detailed example the system, summed up the Ganlan architecture from western Yunnan border to the north of Qiannan province in the space, and then to the three areas of Wuling Mountain, on behalf of the Department of Yunnan nephsystem, three different areas in Guizhou and Guangxi Department and the Department of Wuling, in this region Space shows from the native (dry column) - transmutation (semi dry column) - degenerate (local dry column and mountain building) the evolution of the course. For the dry column of the "group" -- the settlement, were investigated using the concept of "cultural landscape", analyzes the "relationship between human", "interaction of everyone the results of the final settlement between" material form. In the construction theory category, summarizes the southwest representative buildings in the dry "hands" and "wear" two kinds of structure in the roof, cornice overhangs and other aspects of the technical features, from the composition of a level of a common the construction of the southwest customs customs vary under the culture mechanism. The structure formed from culture, culture, construction, settlement, and create the overall research framework of several aspects. From the research methods on the introduction of the "human geography" method, with reference to the "test The ancient study "," research of Ethnology ", the research field of interdisciplinary stem column; from the conclusion of the study on the analysis of the relationship between the southwest stem lineage bar regional culture perspective, and the evolution law of the dry column summarizes the comparison from the floristic characteristics of the type of construction.

【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU241.5
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本文編號：1625366