本文選題：寒地　切入點(diǎn)：文物建筑　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó)古代和近代時(shí)期,木材是主要的建筑材料。直至進(jìn)入20世紀(jì),由于新型材料的運(yùn)用和新型建筑形式的產(chǎn)生,木材才逐步退出成為建筑的輔助材料。在我國(guó)第三次文物普查中,具有木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的文物建筑占據(jù)不可移動(dòng)文物建筑總數(shù)量的較大比例。然而,隨著時(shí)間的推移,大量的具有木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的文物建筑在自身特性、地域及氣候環(huán)境等多種因素的影響下,其現(xiàn)存狀況不容樂(lè)觀。我國(guó)是一個(gè)季風(fēng)氣候較為明顯的國(guó)家之一。加之其獨(dú)特的地貌環(huán)境等因素,綜合形成了我國(guó)寒地地域范圍廣泛、冬季漫長(zhǎng)且寒冷的特點(diǎn),通過(guò)對(duì)資料的查閱總結(jié)得出,我國(guó)寒地凍害研究范圍可達(dá)國(guó)土面積的三分之二。基于以上凍害形成的外在影響,對(duì)文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)中的材料(木材、金屬、抹灰等)及其材料之間的相互作用進(jìn)行分析,了解到寒地獨(dú)特的氣候環(huán)境對(duì)其造成的影響。為了研究?jī)龊?duì)寒地文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的破壞機(jī)理,本文采用了田野調(diào)研的方法,對(duì)寒地內(nèi)17個(gè)地區(qū)、649處、千余棟文物建筑進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研,對(duì)其編號(hào)、登記、建檔,并根據(jù)不同類型進(jìn)行列表、歸納,發(fā)現(xiàn)在凍害環(huán)境內(nèi)不同部位或相同部位呈現(xiàn)出開(kāi)裂、泛堿、傾側(cè)等凍害形態(tài)。為了準(zhǔn)確分析凍害形態(tài)與分布的關(guān)系,本文將整個(gè)木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)分為梁架體系、墻體系和非主體結(jié)構(gòu)體系三個(gè)大部分,分別總結(jié)凍害形成的形式與建筑的部位、類型之間的關(guān)系,尋找其中的規(guī)律。綜合以上已有的數(shù)據(jù)信息規(guī)律了解到,寒地文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)凍害的形成是一個(gè)無(wú)限循環(huán)且又漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,但以木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的凍害形態(tài)表現(xiàn)可以大體掌握凍害發(fā)展的進(jìn)程。通過(guò)對(duì)寒地文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的材料、環(huán)境與構(gòu)造的綜合分析可知,水在凍害發(fā)生的整個(gè)過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用,它由起到主因的凍脹作用致使木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)面層失效、開(kāi)裂和變形,到次因以溶液的形式對(duì)木構(gòu)件進(jìn)行破壞,造成木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)變形、泛堿和腐朽的現(xiàn)象,再到起到間接作用,綜合并結(jié)合以上所有作用和地面融沉,最終導(dǎo)致了文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了傾側(cè)現(xiàn)象。綜上所述,文章以寒地文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的氣候環(huán)境和材料屬性為研究基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)地調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)信息的歸納總結(jié),分析得出凍害的形態(tài)與位置之間的規(guī)律,并基于以上研究最后得出寒地文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的凍害的形成機(jī)理。希望這一課題的研究成果可以為將來(lái)寒地文物建筑木構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)與修繕提供針對(duì)性的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In ancient and modern China, timber was the main building material. Until 20th century, due to the use of new materials and the emergence of new forms of construction, Timber has only gradually withdrawn as an auxiliary material for buildings. In the third General Survey of Cultural relics in China, the number of buildings with wooden structures accounted for a large proportion of the total number of immovable cultural relic buildings. However, with the passage of time, A large number of cultural relic buildings with wood-structure systems are affected by their own characteristics, regions, climate and environment, etc. The existing situation is not optimistic. China is one of the countries with obvious monsoon climate. Combined with its unique geomorphological environment, it has formed the characteristics of wide range of cold regions, long winter and cold winter in our country. Through the review of the data, it is concluded that the research scope of freezing injury in China can be up to 2/3 of the land area. Based on the external influence of the above freezing injury, the material (wood, metal, etc.) in the wood structure system of the cultural relic building is affected. In order to study the damage mechanism of freezing injury to the wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in cold region, the method of field investigation is adopted in this paper, in order to study the damage mechanism of wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in the cold region by analyzing the interaction between plastering, plastering and other materials, and understanding the influence of the unique climatic environment in cold region on it. More than 1,000 cultural relics buildings in 17 regions of the cold region were investigated on the spot, numbered, registered, documented, and listed according to different types. It was found that cracking and pan-alkali appeared in different parts or the same parts of the frozen environment. In order to accurately analyze the relationship between freezing injury form and distribution, the whole wood structure system is divided into three parts: beam frame system, wall system and non-main structure system. Synthesizing the existing data and information laws, we can understand that the formation of freezing damage in the cold region cultural relic building wood structure system is an infinite cycle and a long process. However, the development process of freezing injury can be grasped by the form of freezing damage of wood structure system. Through the comprehensive analysis of materials, environment and structure of wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in cold region, we can know that, Water plays a vital role in the whole process of freezing injury, from the frost heaving that causes the failure of the surface layer, cracking and deformation of the wood structure system, to the destruction of the wood members in the form of solution. Resulting in deformation, pan-alkali and decay of the wood-structure system, and then playing an indirect role, synthesizing and combining all the above effects and the ground melting and sinking, finally leading to the phenomenon of tilting in the wood-structure system of the cultural relic buildings. To sum up, Based on the climatic environment and material properties of the wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in the cold region, through the induction and summary of the field investigation data information, the law between the form and the location of the freezing injury is obtained. Based on the above research, the formation mechanism of freezing damage of wood structure system of cultural relic building in cold region is obtained. It is hoped that the research results of this subject can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and repair of wood structure system of cultural relic building in cold region in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU366.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王哲;王喜明;;木材多尺度孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)及表征方法研究進(jìn)展[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);2014年10期

2 劉實(shí);隋波;涂鋼;馮喜媛;;我國(guó)東北地區(qū)冬季氣溫變化的東亞冬季風(fēng)背景[J];應(yīng)用氣象學(xué)報(bào);2014年01期

3 王天亮;卜建清;王揚(yáng);徐磊;嚴(yán)晗;;多次凍融條件下土體的融沉性質(zhì)研究[J];巖土工程學(xué)報(bào);2014年04期

4 曲亮;王時(shí)偉;李秀輝;康葆強(qiáng);雷勇;;故宮靈沼軒金屬構(gòu)件的病害分析及其成因研究[J];故宮博物院院刊;2013年02期

5 孫偉圣;王艷偉;徐立;楊植輝;張秋娟;晁久;吳忠其;李先春;;紫外光固化油漆涂布量對(duì)木地板漆膜性能的影響[J];木材工業(yè);2013年02期

6 劉玉蓮;任國(guó)玉;于宏敏;;中國(guó)降雪氣候?qū)W特征[J];地理科學(xué);2012年10期

7 邱玉深;;建筑物凍害及其防治[J];建筑工人;2012年02期

8 呂玉蘭;冷毅飛;姜龍;張喜發(fā);;多年凍土融沉性分類研究[J];冰川凍土;2011年04期

9 馬峰;陳華輝;周倩;;軸棒法測(cè)定漆膜柔韌性的探討[J];表面技術(shù);2011年04期

10 劉俊峰;陳仁升;;基于MODIS雙衛(wèi)星積雪遙感數(shù)據(jù)的積雪日數(shù)空間分布研究[J];冰川凍土;2011年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1610460