本文選題：施工安全　切入點：不安全設計因素　出處：《清華大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：施工安全一直以來是影響建筑行業(yè)發(fā)展亟待解決的問題之一,隨著建筑行業(yè)規(guī)模的不斷擴大,當前的管理方法和技術手段已無法滿足進一步降低事故發(fā)生率的要求,而加強對物的不安全狀態(tài)的控制則是打破當前困境的一個思路。設計-安全理念從延展施工安全管理范圍的角度出發(fā),認為在設計階段就開始對施工危險源進行識別和消除,也就是設計師和工程師在正式施工生產(chǎn)前識別物的不安全狀態(tài),可以有效地減少施工傷害事故數(shù)量。本文在設計-安全理念的基礎上構建了安全規(guī)則,并結(jié)合BIM技術在施工安全領域的應用優(yōu)勢,設計了以BIM模型為對象的自動識別機制,并對該機制的應用進行了初步探索。本文分析了事前控制對于減少施工事故的必要性,進而闡述了當前主張在設計階段進行施工安全管理的研究現(xiàn)狀,概括了PTD(Prevention Through Design)、DFCS(Design for Construction Safety)的定義,并將之歸納為設計-安全理論。然后探討了信息技術以及BIM技術在施工安全領域的應用情況,分析了設計方案的自動檢查的研究情況,指出可視化、虛擬仿真等功能可以滿足設計-安全理論工具的技術要求。本文通過分析施工事故類型及致因,探討了設計方法解決以上事故的適用性,獲得與設計相關的3類不安全因素,進而提出構建基于規(guī)范的安全規(guī)則,并設計了安全規(guī)則編碼以及其構建方法。安全規(guī)則彌補了設計師在施工安全方面知識和技能的不足,不僅簡化設計過程中設計師的識別程序,而且為相關方識別不安全因素提供了數(shù)據(jù)基礎。為了使安全規(guī)則識別不安全設計因素更為快速,效率更高,本文基于BIM的應用特征分析,構建了集成BIM與安全規(guī)則的自動識別機制。然后以建筑信息模型、結(jié)構信息模型、臨時設備信息模型等三類BIM模型和安全規(guī)則數(shù)據(jù)庫為數(shù)據(jù)模塊,構建BIM與安全規(guī)則的集成系統(tǒng)框架,從而使BIM模型在安全規(guī)則的運行下識別不安全因素。最后以某洞口不安全因素為例,初步探索此系統(tǒng)的應用實施效果。本文比較有創(chuàng)新性的提出了安全規(guī)則,從而為BIM在施工安全領域的應用提供了數(shù)據(jù)基礎,并且將BIM與安全規(guī)則集成可以進一步實現(xiàn)設計-安全理念,從而加強設計師在施工安全方面的作用,該機制具有較大的應用價值和前景。
[Abstract]:Construction safety has always been one of the problems affecting the development of the construction industry. With the continuous expansion of the construction industry, the current management methods and technical means can no longer meet the need to further reduce the incidence of accidents. Strengthening the control of the unsafe state of objects is a way of thinking to break the current predicament. From the angle of extending the scope of construction safety management, the design-safety concept thinks that the construction hazard sources will be identified and eliminated in the design stage. That is, designers and engineers can effectively reduce the number of construction injury accidents by identifying the unsafe state of the objects before the formal construction production. This paper constructs the safety rules based on the design-safety concept. Combined with the application advantage of BIM technology in the field of construction safety, the automatic identification mechanism based on BIM model is designed, and the application of this mechanism is preliminarily explored. The necessity of prior control to reduce construction accidents is analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the present research situation of construction safety management in the design phase is expounded, and the definition of PTD(Prevention Through Design for Construction Safety is summarized. Then it discusses the application of information technology and BIM technology in the field of construction safety, analyzes the research situation of automatic inspection of design scheme, and points out the visualization. Virtual simulation and other functions can meet the technical requirements of design-safety theory tools. By analyzing the types and causes of construction accidents, this paper discusses the applicability of design methods to solve the above accidents, and obtains three kinds of unsafe factors related to design. Furthermore, the paper puts forward the construction of safety rules based on specifications, designs the code of safety rules and their construction methods, which makes up for the lack of knowledge and skills of designers in construction safety. It not only simplifies the designer's identification procedure in the design process, but also provides the data basis for the related parties to identify the unsafe factors. In order to make the safety rules identify the unsafe design factors more quickly and efficiently, Based on the application feature analysis of BIM, this paper constructs an automatic recognition mechanism of integrating BIM and security rules, and then takes three kinds of BIM models, such as building information model, structure information model, temporary equipment information model, and security rule database as data modules. The integrated system framework of BIM and security rules is constructed, so that the BIM model can identify the unsafe factors under the operation of the security rules. Finally, taking the unsafe factors of a hole as an example, The application effect of this system is preliminarily explored. In this paper, the safety rules are put forward innovatively, which provides the data basis for the application of BIM in the field of construction safety. The integration of BIM and safety rules can further realize the idea of design-safety and strengthen the role of designers in construction safety. This mechanism has great application value and prospect.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU714;TU17

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