本文選題：城市非點源污染　切入點：古城區(qū)　出處：《蘇州科技學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進程的不斷加快,城市不透水地表面積的比例不斷擴大,降雨徑流逐漸成為城市水環(huán)境惡化的主要原因。同時,與傳統(tǒng)城市相比,古城區(qū)城市用地類型以及污染來源更為復(fù)雜,水環(huán)境也格外脆弱,加之土地利用緊張,對于城市非點源污染的控制和管理方面具有相當(dāng)?shù)奶厥庑院推惹行?不能完全照搬其類型城市的經(jīng)驗,在設(shè)計時缺乏理論依據(jù)。本文基于蘇州市古城區(qū)內(nèi)商業(yè)區(qū)、現(xiàn)代住宅區(qū)、老舊住宅區(qū)、交通區(qū)、園林旅游區(qū)等5種具有代表性的功能區(qū)降雨徑流中水質(zhì)監(jiān)測、降雨徑流參數(shù)以及顆粒物粒徑分析,研究了5種城市功能區(qū)具有代表性的路面和屋面降雨徑流中污染物的EMC分異、賦存形態(tài)以及動態(tài)變化特征,重點分析徑流中的顆粒物的粒徑分布、遷移過程以及影響因素,探討了污染物的初期沖刷效應(yīng),并估算了蘇州古城區(qū)地表徑流年污染負荷。在分析時結(jié)合古城區(qū)地域特色,總結(jié)了蘇州古城區(qū)非點源污染物特性,為蘇州古城區(qū)城市地表徑流污染負荷的控制和削減提供基礎(chǔ)資料和理論依據(jù)。論文的主要結(jié)論如下所示:(1)降雨徑流過程線受城市不同功能區(qū)下墊面類型以及降雨過程線影響較大,路面徑流過程普遍要滯后于降雨過程線,而屋面徑流對于降雨過程的響應(yīng)較為靈敏;由于受地表堿性物質(zhì)的影響,古城區(qū)降雨徑流中pH的變化過程普遍呈倒“U”型;蘇州古城區(qū)降雨徑流中污染狀況十分嚴(yán)重,多數(shù)降雨事件中不同下墊面類型的降雨徑流中TCOD、TN、NH_4~+-N、TP和SS均不同程度的超出地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并且在不同降雨情景下,不同城市功能區(qū)路面和屋面徑流中污染物的變化過程表現(xiàn)出較大的差異。(2)顆粒態(tài)污染物是古城區(qū)降雨徑流中重要輸出形態(tài),在降雨初期,徑流中顆粒態(tài)N占比在整個降雨過程中處于最高水平,并隨著降雨歷時的延長不斷降低。而對于P而言,整個降雨過程中均以顆粒態(tài)為主,其占比隨降雨歷時下降幅度較小。(3)城市不同功能區(qū)降雨徑流中顆粒物的粒徑分布、遷移過程和輸出特征存在較大差異,在針對徑流污染控制措施的設(shè)計階段需要區(qū)別對待;前期晴天數(shù)、降雨強度、徑流量與粒徑分布有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系,是影響顆粒物分布的重要因素;顆粒物輸出在降雨初期受徑流沖刷影響較大,徑流量與顆粒物遷移能力的相關(guān)性在降雨事件初期30%和后期70%徑流體積中出現(xiàn)了明顯差異;小于150μm的顆粒物是吸附、富集污染物的主要載體。(4)蘇州市古城區(qū)降雨徑流中污染物的初期沖刷現(xiàn)象較為普遍,大部分降雨事件中,徑流中的SS、COD、TN、NH_4~+-N和TP均不同程度的出現(xiàn)了初期沖刷現(xiàn)象。但按照初期沖刷系數(shù)b值來看,出現(xiàn)的初期沖刷效應(yīng)主要為弱沖刷和中等沖刷,并未出現(xiàn)強沖刷的場次降雨,由此表明蘇州古城區(qū)降雨徑流的初期沖刷強度相對來講不是很高;屋面徑流的初期沖刷效應(yīng)受屋面類型的影響較大,坡屋面的初期沖刷效應(yīng)要高于平屋面,且屋面坡度越大,初期沖刷強度約為明顯;降雨特征參數(shù)對于初期沖刷效應(yīng)的影響較小,大部分降雨特征參數(shù)與各項污染物的初期沖刷系數(shù)的相關(guān)性不夠顯著,只有SS和TP的初期沖刷系數(shù)與部分降雨特征之間的相關(guān)性達到顯著水平(p0.05)。(5)蘇州古城區(qū)降雨徑流中SS、COD、TN、NH_4~+-N和TP的年污染物負荷分別為1775.85、1782.32、32.08、17.15和8.02t。屋面徑流的年污染負荷貢獻率要小于路面,但其COD、TN和NH_4~+-N的年污染負荷貢獻率仍具有較高的水平,是影響城市水環(huán)境的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Along with the development of city, city of impermeable surface area ratio continues to expand, the rainfall runoff has gradually become the main reason of city water environment deterioration. At the same time, compared with the traditional city, city urban land use types and sources of pollution is more complicated, the water environment is particularly fragile, and the land use tension is special the urgency and equivalent to the control and management of city non-point source pollution, can not completely copy the type of city experience, lack of theoretical basis in the design. In this paper, the ancient city of Suzhou City District business district based on modern residential areas, traffic areas of old residential areas, water quality monitoring, the 5 functions of rainfall runoff in typical the garden area tourism, rainfall runoff parameters and particle size analysis, 5 kinds of city function areas representative of the pavement and the roof rainfall runoff pollutants in EMC Different forms and dynamic characteristics, analysis of particles in runoff on the particle size distribution, and the influence factors of the migration process, discusses the first flush effect of pollutants, the ancient city of Suzhou area surface runoff pollution load was estimated. Combined with the geographical characteristics of the ancient city area in the analysis, summarizes the characteristics of non-point source pollutants in Suzhou the ancient city of the District, to provide basic data and theoretical basis for control of Suzhou city urban runoff pollution load and reduction. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the rainfall runoff hydrograph by different underlying surface types and functions of city rainfall line influence road runoff process generally lagged behind the rainfall process line, and the roof runoff response to rainfall is sensitive; due to the influence of surface alkaline substances, the change process of rainfall runoff in pH City area generally inverted "U" type; Jiangsu State the pollution status of Gucheng District rainfall runoff is very serious, TCOD, rainfall runoff on different underlying surface type most rainfall events in the TN, NH_4~+-N, TP and SS had different degree exceeded the environmental quality standards for surface water and wastewater discharge standards, and in different rainfall scenarios, the change process of pollutants in different functional areas of the city road and the roof runoff showed a greater difference. (2) particulate pollutants is an important form of rainfall runoff in Gucheng District, in the early stage of rainfall, than at the highest level in the process of rainfall runoff accounted for particulate N, and with the rainfall duration decreased. While for P, the whole process of rainfall are the particulate, the proportion with rainfall duration decreased less. (3) particles of city rainfall runoff in different function area of the particle size distribution, migration and output characteristics in different, In the design stage to treat runoff pollution control measures need to be distinguished; early sunny days, rainfall intensity, runoff and particle size distribution have significant correlation, is an important factor affecting the particle size distribution; particle output in the early stage of rainfall runoff influenced by runoff, correlation and particle migration in the rain the event in early 30% and late 70% in the volume of runoff appeared obvious difference; particles less than 150 m is the main carrier of adsorption, pollutant enrichment. (4) first flush Suzhou Gucheng District rainfall runoff pollutants phenomenon is relatively common, most of the rainfall events, runoff in SS, COD, TN, NH_4~+-N and TP were found in different degree first flush phenomenon. But according to the initial erosion coefficient b value, first flush effect appears mainly to weak erosion and moderate erosion, not strong scouring the rainfall, This shows that the Suzhou City area of the initial rainfall runoff erosion intensity is not relatively high; the first flush effect of roof runoff is influenced by the type of roof, sloping roof of the first flush effect is higher than that of the flat roof, and the roof slope is large, the initial scour intensity is about significantly; rainfall characteristic parameters for the initial scouring effect has little effect the most rainfall characteristic parameters and the correlation coefficient of the initial pollutant erosion is not significant correlation between SS and TP, only the first flush part coefficient and rainfall characteristics reached a significant level (P0.05). (5) the ancient city of Suzhou District in runoff SS, COD, TN, NH_4~+-N and TP respectively in pollutant load the contribution of 1775.851782.32,32.08,17.15 and 8.02t. pollution load of roof runoff was less than the road, but the COD, TN and NH_4~+-N pollution load contribution rate still has a higher water Leveling is an important factor affecting the urban water environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;TU992

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 龍劍波;李興揚;王書敏;郝有志;;城市區(qū)域不同屋頂降雨徑流水質(zhì)特征[J];環(huán)境工程學(xué)報;2014年07期

2 李春林;劉淼;胡遠滿;布仁倉;孫鳳云;宮繼萍;陳探;;沈陽市降雨徑流污染物排放特征[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2014年05期

3 谷雨;張乃明;;昆明主城區(qū)城市地表徑流污染特征分析[J];環(huán)境工程學(xué)報;2013年07期

4 王駿;畢春娟;陳振樓;周棟;;溫州城市降雨徑流中BOD_5和COD污染特征及其初始沖刷效應(yīng)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2013年05期

5 于海霞;于江華;徐禮強;金永U，

本文編號：1585698