本文選題：生土民居　切入點：氣候適宜性　出處：《西安建筑科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：吐魯番是古絲綢之路上的重鎮(zhèn),歷史悠久,文化積淀深厚,曾經(jīng)是西域政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的中心之一。隨著國家西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略以及新農(nóng)村建設的不斷深化發(fā)展,當?shù)厝藗兊纳钏�、居住條件等方面都發(fā)生了顯著的變化。但是由于建設發(fā)展迅速,造成當?shù)孛つ繉W習城市建筑,摒棄傳統(tǒng)建造手法,不僅失去了當?shù)靥厣?而且對當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)建設帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn)。因此,有必要給予當?shù)厝苏_的觀念引導,樹立生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀,利用當?shù)刈匀�、氣候、人文等條件因素,創(chuàng)造出與當?shù)叵噙m應的民居建筑,緩解當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)惡化的趨勢,這是值得我們研究探討的問題。本文首先從當?shù)貧夂颦h(huán)境分析入手,分析了當?shù)靥栞椛�、空氣溫度、空氣濕度、風、降水五個方面,利用建筑氣候設計分析方法得出當?shù)剡m宜被動式設計策略,并依據(jù)當?shù)貧夂蚝喪龇治霎數(shù)亟ㄖ䴕夂蜻m宜性特點。其次,從當?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)民居以及已建成的新建民居的現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研著手,分析了傳統(tǒng)民居如何體現(xiàn)適宜當?shù)貧夂虻奶攸c,分別從村落規(guī)劃、院落空間、建筑單體、建筑細部構(gòu)造四個方面進行闡述,重點闡述了室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境與其四個方面的關系,同時發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)民居中在室內(nèi)通風、室內(nèi)采光方面需要改進的地方;而已建成的新建民居,雖然空間布局、室內(nèi)通風、室內(nèi)采光優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)民居,但也存在不足之處,表現(xiàn)在五個方面:社區(qū)活力缺乏;當?shù)厝松盍晳T考慮不足;建造不經(jīng)濟;浪費土地資源;夏季室內(nèi)環(huán)境過熱。再次,從春季的傳統(tǒng)民居與新建民居室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境的現(xiàn)場測試出發(fā),分別從室內(nèi)空氣溫度、空氣濕度、平均輻射溫度、墻體壁面溫度等方面來定量對比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)以土坯墻為圍護結(jié)構(gòu)主體的傳統(tǒng)民居相比新建的磚混民居,在蓄熱性以及調(diào)濕性能均優(yōu)于后者;同時,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境測試的傳統(tǒng)新建民居,建立與此相似的模型,模擬其典型季節(jié)的室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境情況,從而進一步發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)新建民居中在室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境方面具有的特點。最后,總結(jié)當?shù)厣撩窬託夂蜻m宜性特點,并將其結(jié)論應用到實際的更新民居的設計中,分別從村落規(guī)劃、院落空間、建筑單體以及細部構(gòu)造四個方面提出了氣候適宜性的設計原則,在保留當?shù)孛窬犹厣幕A上,依據(jù)設計原則設計出不同的更新方案,以實現(xiàn)建筑室內(nèi)環(huán)境的改善,以便在適應當?shù)剞r(nóng)村生活的發(fā)展趨勢的同時,也充分體現(xiàn)低碳節(jié)能的新農(nóng)村建設理念,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益、環(huán)境效益的綜合目標。
[Abstract]:Turpan is an important town on the ancient Silk Road, with a long history and profound cultural accumulation. It was once one of the political, economic and cultural centers of the Western region. The living standards and living conditions of the local people have all undergone remarkable changes. However, due to the rapid development of construction, the local people have blindly studied urban buildings and abandoned the traditional construction techniques, thus not only losing their local characteristics, Therefore, it is necessary to give the local people correct concept of guidance, establish the concept of ecological sustainable development, make use of local natural, climate, humanities and other conditions, It is worth studying and discussing the problem that we should study and discuss. Firstly, this paper starts with the analysis of local climate and environment, and analyzes the local solar radiation, air temperature, air humidity, the local solar radiation, the air temperature, the air humidity, the local solar radiation, the air temperature, the air humidity, the local solar radiation, the air temperature and the air humidity. In five aspects of wind and precipitation, the local suitable passive design strategy is obtained by using the method of architectural climate design analysis, and the suitability characteristics of local building climate are analyzed according to the local climate brief description. Secondly, Based on the investigation and investigation of the present situation of the local traditional houses and the newly built houses, this paper analyzes how the traditional houses embody the characteristics suitable for the local climate, respectively, from the village planning, the courtyard space, the building monomer, The relationship between indoor thermal environment and its four aspects is emphasized. At the same time, it is found that the traditional residential buildings need to be improved in indoor ventilation and indoor lighting. Although the space layout, indoor ventilation and indoor lighting are superior to the traditional houses, there are still some shortcomings, such as lack of community vitality, inadequate consideration of local living habits, uneconomical construction, waste of land resources, and so on. The indoor environment is overheated in summer. Thirdly, starting from the field tests of the traditional residential buildings in spring and the thermal environment in the newly built houses, the indoor air temperature, air humidity, average radiation temperature, wall wall surface temperature, etc., are respectively quantitatively compared and analyzed from the aspects of indoor air temperature, air humidity, wall wall surface temperature, etc. It is found that the traditional houses with adobe wall as the main body of the enclosing structure are superior to the new brick houses in heat storage and moisture regulation performance, at the same time, according to the existing indoor thermal environment test of the traditional newly built houses, a similar model is established. The indoor thermal environment of typical seasons is simulated, and the characteristics of indoor thermal environment in traditional newly built houses are further found. Finally, the climate suitability characteristics of local native dwellings are summarized. The conclusion is applied to the actual design of renewal houses, and the design principles of climate suitability are put forward from four aspects of village planning, courtyard space, building monomer and detail construction, respectively, on the basis of retaining the characteristics of local houses. According to the design principles, different renewal schemes are designed in order to improve the indoor environment of buildings, so as to adapt to the development trend of local rural life, and at the same time fully reflect the new rural construction concept of low carbon energy saving and realize economic benefits. The comprehensive goal of social benefit and environmental benefit.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU241.5

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