本文選題：國產(chǎn)納濾膜　切入點：脫氟　出處：《中國海洋大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：當前我國部分地區(qū)存在飲用水水質(zhì)問題,其中高氟苦咸水是較突出的問題之一。其嚴重影響了人們的生活質(zhì)量,對人們的身體健康造成巨大威脅。因此,進行高氟苦咸水的淡化脫氟處理十分必要。目前,苦咸水處理技術(shù)主要有沉淀法、吸附法及膜技術(shù)等,各類方法的局限性限制了其廣泛應(yīng)用。納濾技術(shù)作為一種新興工藝,其特殊優(yōu)勢決定了納濾技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,我國也積極發(fā)展納濾技術(shù),但是目前對國產(chǎn)納濾膜的研究應(yīng)用較少。針對以上問題,本實驗選用國產(chǎn)納濾膜,對處理高氟苦咸水的可行性進行研究分析,這項研究為國產(chǎn)納濾膜處理高氟苦咸水的實際應(yīng)用提供了技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù),有利于國產(chǎn)納濾膜的發(fā)展和完善。研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果主要包括以下三個方面：(1)國產(chǎn)納濾膜處理高氟苦咸水的基礎(chǔ)研究：實驗選取三種國產(chǎn)納濾膜NF1、NF2和NF3進行納濾膜淡化高氟苦咸水的基礎(chǔ)研究,考察操作壓力、溫度及進水pH對納濾膜分離性能的影響,總結(jié)出納濾膜工作的最佳實驗條件,同時簡單比較三種膜的性能。研究結(jié)果表明,納濾膜處理高氟苦咸水的理想操作條件為：壓力1.0-1.5 MPa,溫度15～20℃,進水pH=7.0左右,在此條件下NF1納濾膜的脫鹽率為48%,脫氟率為53%,產(chǎn)水通量為96 L/(m2h)；NF2納濾膜分別為71%,90%和43 L/(m2h)；NF3納濾膜分別為65%,73%和61 L/(m2h)：對比三種國產(chǎn)納濾膜的性能可知NF2的膜性能最優(yōu)。并且測得NF2和NF3的Zeta電位分別為-22和-18 mV。(2)國產(chǎn)納濾膜處理高氟高砷苦咸水的小試研究：選擇NF2的膜元件在最佳的操作條件下,采用一級兩段式納濾系統(tǒng)進行小試實驗。主要分析了進水氟濃度、砷濃度及鹽濃度的變化對納濾膜脫氟脫砷性能的影響,隨進水氟砷濃度和總含鹽量的增大,納濾膜的脫氟、脫砷和脫鹽率降低。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當原水的氟濃度低于7.5 mg/L,砷濃度低于1.25 mg/L,總含鹽量低于2.5g/L時,本納濾膜裝置能夠?qū)⒖嘞趟幚淼綕M足國家飲用水標準。并且該納濾裝置長期運行72 h性能保持穩(wěn)定。(3)硅藻土作為國產(chǎn)納濾膜脫氟的前處理材料研究：研究表明納濾技術(shù)是一種有效地處理高氟水的技術(shù)。但是,原水中氟濃度對對產(chǎn)出水水質(zhì)影響較大,因此選用天然硅藻土作為原材料,用于納濾脫氟水的前處理。硅藻土的特性通過SEM和XRD方法表征,其吸附氟離子的可能性通過XPS和FT-IR來證明。分析硅藻土添加量、原水pH、離子強度和陰離子等對吸附過程的影響。并且溶液中有機物HA的存在會影響吸附過程,在pH5時增強,pH5時削弱硅藻土吸附氟的性能。吸附過程符合Langmuir吸附等溫方程和二級動力學方程。此外,對吸附過程和納濾系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)用也進行了初步分析,研究表明天然硅藻土作為納濾膜脫氟的前處理材料是經(jīng)濟有效的。
[Abstract]:At present, there are drinking water quality problems in some areas of our country, among which high fluorine bitter salt water is one of the outstanding problems, which seriously affects people's quality of life and poses a great threat to people's health. The desalination and defluorination of brackish water with high fluorine content is very necessary. At present, the main technologies of brackish water treatment include precipitation, adsorption and membrane technology, etc. The limitations of various methods limit their wide application. Nanofiltration is a new technology. Its special advantages determine the rapid development of nanofiltration technology, and our country also actively develops nanofiltration technology, but at present, the research and application of domestic nanofiltration membrane is relatively few. In view of the above problems, this experiment chooses domestic nanofiltration membrane. The feasibility of treating brackish water with high fluorine was studied and analyzed. This study provided technical data for the practical application of domestic nanofiltration membrane in treating brackish water with high fluoride. The research contents and results mainly include the following three aspects: the basic research of domestic nanofiltration membrane treatment of high-fluorine brackish water: three kinds of domestic nanofiltration membrane NF1N _ 2 and NF3 were selected for nanofiltration membrane. Basic research on desalination of brackish water with high fluorine, The effects of operating pressure, temperature and influent pH on the separation performance of nanofiltration membrane were investigated. The ideal operating conditions for the treatment of brackish water with high fluorine by nanofiltration membrane are as follows: pressure 1.0-1.5 MPA, temperature 1520 鈩，

本文編號：1561202