本文關鍵詞： 鄉(xiāng)村景觀 格局演變 遙感分析 發(fā)展模式 蘇州市　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國城市化擴張的加劇,鄉(xiāng)村景觀發(fā)生了巨大變化,其景觀格局演變及發(fā)展模式的研究近年來逐漸成為熱點。蘇州市鄉(xiāng)村城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展較好,但在經濟發(fā)展過程中出現了生態(tài)環(huán)境失衡、鄉(xiāng)村風貌消失等問題,協(xié)調鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護與經濟發(fā)展之間的矛盾成為亟待解決的問題。本文以蘇州市吳中區(qū)為研究單元,基于1990-2014年三期遙感影像,采用土地利用動態(tài)度和景觀格局指數方法,分析土地利用結構和景觀格局變化,揭示鄉(xiāng)村景觀現狀特征;依據產業(yè)基礎劃分鄉(xiāng)村類型,建立鄉(xiāng)村性評價指標體系對吳中區(qū)7個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)進行鄉(xiāng)村性評價,提出適宜的鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展模式。主要研究成果如下:(1)鄉(xiāng)村景觀格局演變1990-2014年吳中區(qū)土地利用結構發(fā)生了明顯變化,耕地和水域面積占比先升后降,林地面積占比先降后升,建設用地持續(xù)擴張。1990-2014年吳中區(qū)綜合土地利用動態(tài)度為0.8%。建設用地的單一土地利用動態(tài)度為4.99%,擴張速度較快,耕地、林地和水域的單一土地利用動態(tài)度為-0.87%、-1.3%和-0.55%。斑塊類型水平上,耕地受到侵擾切割,小規(guī)模斑塊增多,破碎化程度升高;林地經歷了由集中布局轉向分散分布的變化趨勢;水域受到建設用地擴張影響,小斑塊不斷增多,趨向離散分布。建設用地斑塊傾向聚集分布,優(yōu)勢度上升。(2)鄉(xiāng)村類型劃分和鄉(xiāng)村性評價從產業(yè)主導的角度,確定鄉(xiāng)村類型劃分標準,將吳中區(qū)7個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的鄉(xiāng)村類型劃分為農業(yè)主導型、工業(yè)主導型、商旅服務型和均衡發(fā)展型;構建鄉(xiāng)村性評價指標體系進行鄉(xiāng)村性評價,得出胥口、木瀆、u*直、東山、臨湖、光福和金庭鎮(zhèn)的鄉(xiāng)村性指數分別為0.257、0.499、0.522、0.587、0.648、0.737、0.785,將其分為5級:弱、較弱、中等、較強和強。鄉(xiāng)村類型劃分和鄉(xiāng)村性評價結果相結合能夠有針對性的構建適應當前發(fā)展類型和發(fā)展階段的鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展模式。(3)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展模式研究水網為主的自然景觀、傳統(tǒng)小農與現代農業(yè)共存的生產景觀、傳統(tǒng)水鄉(xiāng)與現代建筑融為一體的聚落景觀,構成吳中水鄉(xiāng)景觀體系。在人類活動影響作用下,水鄉(xiāng)景觀特色和韻味面臨衰減危機。根據鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展實際,構建四種鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展模式:水鄉(xiāng)旅游模式、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)帶動模式、農業(yè)產業(yè)園模式和古建筑村落保護模式。結合研究范例闡述發(fā)展模式的內涵、特征,提出合理的發(fā)展建議。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of urbanization in China, great changes have taken place in the rural landscape, and the research on the landscape pattern evolution and development model has gradually become a hot spot in recent years. However, in the process of economic development, there appear some problems, such as the imbalance of ecological environment and the disappearance of rural style and features. It is an urgent problem to coordinate the contradiction between rural landscape protection and economic development. In this paper, Wuzhong District of Suzhou City is taken as the research unit. Based on the three periods of remote sensing images from 1990 to 2014, using the method of land use dynamic attitude and landscape pattern index, the changes of land use structure and landscape pattern were analyzed to reveal the current characteristics of rural landscape, and the rural types were classified according to the industrial basis. The rural evaluation index system was established to evaluate the rural nature of 7 villages and towns in Wuzhong District, and the suitable rural development model was put forward. The main research results are as follows: 1) the rural landscape pattern evolves from 1990 to 2014, and the land use structure of Wuzhong district has changed obviously from 1990 to 2014. The proportion of cultivated land and water area increased first and then decreased, and the proportion of forest land decreased first and then increased. The comprehensive land use dynamic degree of Wuzhong district from 1990 to 2014 was 0.8. The single land use dynamic degree of construction land was 4.99. The single land use dynamic degree of forest land and water area was -0.87% -1.3% and -0.55%. On the level of patch type, the cultivated land was invaded and cut, the small patch increased and the degree of fragmentation increased, and the forest land experienced a trend of changing from centralized distribution to decentralized distribution. The water area was affected by the construction land expansion, and the small patches increased and tended to disperse. The patches tended to gather, and the dominance increased. 2) the classification of rural types and the evaluation of rural nature from the perspective of industrial dominance. The rural type of Wuzhong District is divided into agricultural type, industrial type, business tourism service type and balanced development type, and the rural evaluation index system is constructed for rural evaluation, and the Xu Kou is obtained, and the rural type of Wuzhong district is divided into three categories: agriculture type, industry type, business travel service type and balanced development type. The rural indexes of Mudu * Zhi, Dongshan, Lianhu, Guangfu and Jinting are 0.257U 0.499U 0.522U 0.587N 0.648N 0.737N 0.785. they are divided into five grades: weak, weak, medium, The combination of the classification of rural types and the results of rural evaluation can build the rural development model which adapts to the current development type and the development stage. The production landscape of the coexistence of traditional small-scale farmers and modern agriculture, and the settlement landscape of traditional water villages and modern buildings, constitute the landscape system of water villages in Wuzhong. Under the influence of human activities, According to the reality of rural development, four kinds of rural development models are constructed: waterside tourism mode, township enterprise driving mode, and so on. Based on the research examples, the connotation and characteristics of the development model are expounded, and reasonable development suggestions are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU982.29

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