本文關(guān)鍵詞： 門座式起重機(jī) 1/3倍頻程 懸架座椅 減振特性　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：門座式起重機(jī)廣泛地應(yīng)用于各大港口,其工作舒適性越來越引起人們的關(guān)注。鑒于該機(jī)器本身的特點—高重心、大功率及頻繁的啟制動沖擊,加上惡劣的工作環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致電動機(jī)的自振、吊重的動態(tài)載荷、工作機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行速度的變化及其他各種隨機(jī)因素等引起的高強(qiáng)度振動,從振動源通過結(jié)構(gòu)體系向駕駛室地板和座椅傳遞的過程中交互影響,最終形成一種復(fù)雜的振動傳遞給駕駛員。而駕駛員人體自身也是一個復(fù)雜的彈性系統(tǒng),各部分器官有其固有頻率。當(dāng)機(jī)器產(chǎn)生的振動頻率與駕駛?cè)藛T自身固有頻率相同時,就會引起人體產(chǎn)生共振效應(yīng),使人體感受到不舒適,甚至危害到駕駛?cè)藛T的身體健康。因此,開展對門座式起重機(jī)駕駛室振動舒適性評價研究,提出限制和改善機(jī)械設(shè)備的振動對人體影響的方法,對保護(hù)人體健康、在人機(jī)之間合理地分配功能、充分發(fā)揮人的作用和起重機(jī)的功能,對提高我國工程機(jī)械領(lǐng)域的國際競爭力,都有著極其重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文以港口最常見的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式的門座式起重機(jī)—轉(zhuǎn)柱式門座起重機(jī)和大軸承式門座起重機(jī)為研究對象,借助武漢港口機(jī)械質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗測試中心的檢測手段,通過深入現(xiàn)場,實測了正常工作狀態(tài)下兩類門座式起重機(jī)在四種典型工況下,其駕駛室在數(shù)個測點處的振動加速度數(shù)據(jù),然后根據(jù)MATLAB數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件對原始信號進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,進(jìn)而運(yùn)用ISO2361-1:AMD 1-2010人體振動舒適性評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對兩類門座式起重機(jī)駕駛員在各種工況下的振動舒適度進(jìn)行對比評價。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用1/3倍頻程分析原理對兩類門座式起重機(jī)進(jìn)行疲勞-工效分析,得出兩類門機(jī)振動環(huán)境下駕駛員保證不疲勞駕駛的最長工作時間閾值,為港口經(jīng)營管理者對駕駛員的工作時限安排提供依據(jù)。最后,并對兩類門座式起重機(jī)剪式懸架座椅的隔振率以及減振特性進(jìn)行對比分析,找出廣泛應(yīng)用于港口起重設(shè)備領(lǐng)域的剪式懸架座椅減振上的不足之處,為設(shè)計人員如何通過合理的設(shè)計提高門座式起重機(jī)的振動舒適度提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Gantry cranes are widely used in various ports, and their working comfort has attracted more and more attention. In view of the characteristics of the machine itself, such as high center of gravity, high power and frequent starting and braking impact, coupled with the harsh working environment, The high intensity vibration caused by the self-vibration of motor, the dynamic load of lifting load, the change of operating speed of working mechanism and various other random factors interact with each other from the vibration source passing through the structural system to the cab floor and seat. Finally, a kind of complex vibration is transmitted to the driver. The driver's human body is also a complicated elastic system, and each part of the organ has its own natural frequency. When the machine produces the same vibration frequency as the driver's own natural frequency, It will cause resonance effect of human body, make human body feel uncomfortable, and even endanger the health of driver. Therefore, the evaluation research on vibration comfort of cab of gantry crane is carried out. The methods of limiting and improving the vibration of mechanical equipment on human body are put forward, which can protect human health, distribute functions reasonably between human and machine, and give full play to the functions of human beings and cranes. To improve the international competitiveness in the field of construction machinery in China, Both of them are of great practical significance. In this paper, the most common gantry cranes with two types of structure, the swivel gantry cranes and the large bearing gantry cranes, are taken as the research objects. By means of the inspection and testing center of Wuhan Port Machinery quality Supervision and testing Center, the vibration acceleration data of two kinds of gantry cranes in four typical working conditions under normal working conditions are measured by going deep into the site. Then preprocess the original signal according to MATLAB data processing software, and then use ISO2361-1:AMD 1-2010 human vibration comfort evaluation standard to compare the vibration comfort of two kinds of gantry crane drivers under various working conditions. Further using the principle of 1/3 times frequency range analysis, two kinds of gantry cranes are analyzed with fatigue and ergonomics, and the maximum working time threshold for drivers to ensure non-fatigue driving under the vibration environment of two kinds of gantry cranes is obtained. Finally, the vibration isolation rate and vibration absorption characteristics of the two kinds of gantry crane shear suspension seats are compared and analyzed. This paper finds out the deficiency of the shear suspension seat which is widely used in the field of port crane, and provides a reference for designers how to improve the vibration comfort of gantry crane through reasonable design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH213.4

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本文編號：1540362