本文關(guān)鍵詞： 被動(dòng)式建筑 設(shè)計(jì)理念 設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) 整合設(shè)計(jì)方法 建筑評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：以二氧化碳為代表的溫室氣體,導(dǎo)致地球不斷變暖。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、倡導(dǎo)低碳生活已經(jīng)成為了全人類的共識(shí)。在這種共識(shí)下,被動(dòng)式建筑成為繼綠色建筑、低碳建筑、可持續(xù)建筑等之后備受社會(huì)各界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)之一。自上世紀(jì)九十年代以來(lái),被動(dòng)式建筑憑借超低能耗已受到歐洲各國(guó)政府的認(rèn)可和支持,學(xué)術(shù)界也展開(kāi)了較為深入和系統(tǒng)的研究。被動(dòng)式建筑這一概念也很快被我國(guó)學(xué)者所接受。近年來(lái)關(guān)于被動(dòng)式建筑的文章,包括理論闡述、技術(shù)引介、作品介紹等屢見(jiàn)不鮮。與此形成明顯對(duì)比的是,被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)踐卻有些止步不前,城鄉(xiāng)建筑業(yè)的高能耗高排放等現(xiàn)象未因此明顯改觀。究其原因,在于被動(dòng)式建筑不是簡(jiǎn)單易于操作的外在形式,對(duì)其研究需要有內(nèi)在突破,包括系統(tǒng)地研究被動(dòng)式建筑,不將目光再聚焦于建筑形式,而是關(guān)注被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)最基本的問(wèn)題,從而使得被動(dòng)式技術(shù)與建筑設(shè)計(jì)的自然融合,使綠色建筑回歸設(shè)計(jì)本身。本文從這一角度出發(fā),綜合運(yùn)用建筑氣候?qū)W、建筑哲學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、系統(tǒng)科學(xué)、決策科學(xué)等學(xué)科的基本理論與方法,將被動(dòng)式建筑置于人與自然的宏觀背景下,突出被動(dòng)式建筑作為手段和工具的技術(shù)性角色,研究了被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)基點(diǎn)、設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)、設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程及方法,并探討了被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果的評(píng)價(jià)。這些研究,旨在樹(shù)立建筑師結(jié)合氣候的設(shè)計(jì)理念,使得建筑師充分考慮地域氣候條件,運(yùn)用保溫隔熱、蓄熱放熱、自然通風(fēng)、被動(dòng)采暖等被動(dòng)式技術(shù)策略,提高建筑舒適性,實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑節(jié)能減排的目標(biāo)。本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:第一,運(yùn)用跨學(xué)科的研究方法,圍繞被動(dòng)式建筑的本體論、認(rèn)識(shí)論及價(jià)值論三個(gè)主題展開(kāi)研究。首次對(duì)被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行了綜合性表述,包括被動(dòng)式建筑的概念界定、本質(zhì)特征及設(shè)計(jì)理念、設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)、設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程及方法及評(píng)價(jià)等,建立了被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)理論框架體系。第二,針對(duì)因被動(dòng)式建筑概念不清晰及而導(dǎo)致的實(shí)踐中推進(jìn)緩慢等問(wèn)題,運(yùn)用辯證邏輯研究方法,從本體論層面回答了“被動(dòng)式建筑是什么”的問(wèn)題。界定了被動(dòng)式建筑基本概念,厘清了被動(dòng)式建筑與綠色建筑、可持續(xù)建筑、節(jié)能建筑與低碳建筑等相近概念的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系,對(duì)被動(dòng)式建筑的本質(zhì)做了理論概括:被動(dòng)式建筑凸顯建筑的手段角色而不是目的角色;被動(dòng)式建筑凸顯工具角色而不是產(chǎn)品角色。第三,針對(duì)現(xiàn)存建筑評(píng)價(jià)體系中因處理實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)能力較弱而導(dǎo)致的評(píng)價(jià)科學(xué)性和準(zhǔn)確性較低等問(wèn)題,運(yùn)用層次分析法及模糊綜合判斷方法,初步建立了被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)微觀評(píng)價(jià)模型,優(yōu)化了建筑評(píng)價(jià)體系;運(yùn)用投入產(chǎn)出分析方法,初步建立了被動(dòng)式建筑的宏觀評(píng)價(jià)模型,以測(cè)算其對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)及環(huán)境的影響。這些研究從價(jià)值論層面上回答了“被動(dòng)式建筑做的怎么樣”的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Carbon dioxide as the representative of greenhouse gases, resulting in continuous warming of the earth. To deal with climate change, advocating low-carbon life has become the consensus of all mankind. Under this consensus, passive buildings become green buildings. Since -10s, passive construction has been recognized and supported by European governments with ultra-low energy consumption. The concept of passive architecture has also been accepted by Chinese scholars. In recent years, the articles on passive architecture, including theoretical elaboration, technology introduction. In contrast to this, the practice of passive architectural design is somewhat stagnant, and the phenomenon of high energy consumption and high emissions in urban and rural construction industry has not changed obviously. Passive architecture is not a simple and easy to operate the external form, the research needs to have an internal breakthrough, including a systematic study of passive architecture, do not focus on the form of architecture. But pay attention to the most basic problems of passive architectural design, so that passive technology and architectural design of the natural fusion, so that the green building back to the design itself. From this point of view, comprehensive use of architectural climatology. The basic theories and methods of architectural philosophy, sociology, economics, system science, decision science and so on put passive architecture under the macro background of man and nature. Highlighting the technical role of passive architecture as a means and tool, this paper studies the basic points, design objectives, design process and methods of passive architectural design, and discusses the evaluation of passive architectural design results. The purpose of this paper is to set up the design concept of the architect combined with the climate, so that the architect can fully consider the regional climate conditions, and use passive technical strategies such as thermal insulation, heat storage and heat release, natural ventilation, passive heating and so on. The innovation of this paper is as follows: first, the use of interdisciplinary research methods around passive building ontology. For the first time, the basic theory of passive architectural design has been comprehensively expressed, including the definition of the concept of passive architecture, essential characteristics and design concept, design objectives. Design process, methods and evaluation, established the passive architectural design of the basic theoretical framework system. Second, because of the concept of passive architecture is not clear and lead to slow progress in practice and so on. Using the dialectical logic research method, this paper answers the question of "what is passive architecture" from the ontological level, defines the basic concept of passive architecture, clarifies passive architecture and green architecture, sustainable architecture. The difference and relation of the similar concepts such as energy-saving building and low-carbon building are summarized theoretically: passive building highlights the role of means rather than the role of the end; Passive architecture highlights tool role rather than product role. Third, the existing building evaluation system due to the weak ability to deal with the actual data caused by the evaluation of scientific and low accuracy and so on. By using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive judgment method, the micro evaluation model of passive architectural design is established preliminarily, and the architecture evaluation system is optimized. Using the input-output analysis method, the macro evaluation model of passive building is established. In order to measure its impact on macroeconomics and environment, these studies answered the question of "how to do passive architecture" from the perspective of value theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU201.5

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