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高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延規(guī)律的研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-01-11 18:32

  本文關(guān)鍵詞:高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延規(guī)律的研究 出處:《中北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


  更多相關(guān)文章: 高層建筑火災(zāi) 數(shù)值模擬 CO體積分?jǐn)?shù) 溫度 可見度


【摘要】:火災(zāi)是最普遍、最經(jīng)常地威脅社會(huì)發(fā)展和和公眾安全的主要災(zāi)害之一。隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展以及城市人口的不斷增加,高層建筑逐漸成為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展的一種必然趨勢(shì)。由于高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、使用功能多樣性等特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致一旦發(fā)生高層建筑火災(zāi),造成的人員死亡人數(shù)、受傷人數(shù)以及直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失是巨大的。因此,研究高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣的蔓延規(guī)律,是預(yù)防高層建筑火災(zāi)發(fā)生以及進(jìn)行人員安全疏散的關(guān)鍵。 火災(zāi)數(shù)值模擬研究是目前火災(zāi)科學(xué)研究的重要方法。本文分析了火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景設(shè)置的相關(guān)理論。以杭州某高層建筑為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)了建筑火災(zāi)模擬所需的各種參數(shù)。借助和應(yīng)用國(guó)內(nèi)外高層建筑火災(zāi)的理論研究以及實(shí)驗(yàn)成果,使用美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及其技術(shù)研究院NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)開發(fā)的用于火災(zāi)的模擬軟件:PyroSim(Thunderhead Engineeering PyroSim)軟件、火災(zāi)動(dòng)態(tài)模擬仿真軟件FDS(FireDynamics Simulator)以及可視化軟件Smokeview進(jìn)行高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延規(guī)律的研究。 本文針對(duì)三種不同工況進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,分別是全封閉房間火災(zāi)模擬、開啟進(jìn)風(fēng)房間火災(zāi)模擬、開啟進(jìn)風(fēng)房間火災(zāi)發(fā)生后,走廊、樓梯口的模擬分析。火災(zāi)模擬中主要考查五項(xiàng):煙氣的蔓延情況、熱值變化情況、模擬區(qū)域CO的體積分?jǐn)?shù)、模擬區(qū)域溫度場(chǎng)的分布情況、模擬區(qū)域可見度的分析。根據(jù)不同工況模擬的結(jié)果,進(jìn)行了模擬分析、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)和曲線擬合,得出了建筑火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延規(guī)律。 研究結(jié)果為高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣的有效控制、防排煙設(shè)計(jì)、火場(chǎng)人員安全疏散以及火災(zāi)撲救提供了一定的理論指導(dǎo)和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Fire is one of the most common and frequent disasters that threaten social development and public safety. With the rapid development of the world economy and the continuous increase of urban population. High-rise building has gradually become an inevitable trend in the development of modern society. Due to the complex structure of high-rise building, the use of diversity of functions, leading to the occurrence of high-rise building fire, resulting in the number of deaths. The number of injuries and the direct economic losses are huge. Therefore, the study of the spread of smoke in high-rise building fire is the key to prevent high-rise building fire and carry out safety evacuation. Numerical simulation of fire is an important method of fire science research at present. This paper analyzes the relevant theory of fire scene setting. A high-rise building in Hangzhou is taken as the research object. The parameters needed for building fire simulation are designed and applied to the theoretical research and experimental results of high-rise building fire at home and abroad. Using NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology. Developed for fire simulation software: PyroSimt Thunderhead Engineeering PyroSimsoftware. Fire dynamic simulation software FDS(FireDynamics Simulator. And the visualization software Smokeview is used to study the fire smoke spread law of high-rise building. In this paper, the numerical simulation of three different working conditions is carried out, namely, the fire simulation of the fully closed room, the fire simulation of the open air room, and the corridor after the fire of the air inlet room occurs. Simulation analysis of the staircase. The fire simulation mainly examined five items: smoke spread, the change of heat value, the volume fraction of CO in the simulated area, and the distribution of the temperature field in the simulated area. According to the simulation results of different working conditions, the simulation analysis, data statistics and curve fitting are carried out, and the smoke spread law of building fire is obtained. The results provide some theoretical guidance and technical support for the effective control of fire smoke, the design of smoke prevention and exhaust, the safe evacuation of fire personnel and the fire suppression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:TU998.1

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