本文關(guān)鍵詞：人工降雨作用下邊坡植被水文效應(yīng)模型試驗(yàn)研究　出處：《海南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 生態(tài)護(hù)坡 人工降雨 邊坡模型 邊坡植被 水文效應(yīng) 非飽和粉土

【摘要】：海南島森林資源豐富,植被覆蓋率高,但隨著近幾年島內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人類工程活動(dòng)和山區(qū)開荒種植經(jīng)濟(jì)作物對(duì)山區(qū)邊坡植被造成了不同程度的破壞,在臺(tái)風(fēng)天氣強(qiáng)降雨作用下,植被破壞的區(qū)域出現(xiàn)了大量小規(guī)模的邊坡失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象。這些小規(guī)模的邊坡破壞形態(tài)多為降雨作用下的坡面沖蝕和淺層位移,造成的人身傷害和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失雖然不大,但給旅游交通和觀光帶來(lái)諸多不便。因此本文從邊坡植被生態(tài)護(hù)坡的角度出發(fā),研究邊坡植被在降雨作用下的水文效應(yīng),探索植被護(hù)坡的作用機(jī)理。 本文建立了人工降雨邊坡試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?試驗(yàn)所用土料為�？诿捞m區(qū)粉土,試驗(yàn)設(shè)置裸土、腎蕨、細(xì)葉結(jié)縷草三種邊坡模型。試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷谋O(jiān)測(cè)觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)能夠收集測(cè)量地表徑流,實(shí)時(shí)采集坡體內(nèi)部土壤含水率,監(jiān)測(cè)雨水滲透量,觀測(cè)坡體外觀形態(tài)變化。 首先對(duì)模型所用粉土進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)研究。包括物理性質(zhì)指標(biāo)的測(cè)定和飽和度對(duì)非飽和粉土抗剪強(qiáng)度指標(biāo)的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示非飽和粉土的抗剪強(qiáng)度在飽和度50%左右出現(xiàn)峰值,高于50%時(shí)隨著飽和度的升高而減小,低于50%時(shí)隨著飽和度的降低而減小。由于粉土中粉粒的特殊性質(zhì),粉土在自然晾干脫水的過(guò)程中會(huì)出現(xiàn)很高的表觀粘聚力。 通過(guò)兩次人工模擬降雨,對(duì)比三種不同植被的邊坡模型。得知邊坡植被主要通過(guò)攔截雨水形成地表徑流,改變雨水滲透路徑,影響邊坡土體的滲透性等水文效應(yīng)來(lái)保護(hù)坡體。邊坡植被植物特性不同,所發(fā)揮的生態(tài)護(hù)坡作用也各有所長(zhǎng)。細(xì)葉結(jié)縷草護(hù)坡作用主要通過(guò)攔截雨水形成地表徑流、改變雨水滲透路徑；腎蕨護(hù)坡作用主要通過(guò)改變雨水滲透路徑、影響邊坡土體的滲透性。試驗(yàn)所設(shè)置的裸土邊坡在兩次不同強(qiáng)度的降雨過(guò)程中,遭受的破壞主要是沖擊變形、坡面濺蝕和沖刷侵蝕。 綜合分析可知,邊坡植被在降雨過(guò)程中能夠通過(guò)自身的水文效應(yīng)避免雨水的直接沖刷和減緩表層土體滑動(dòng)來(lái)發(fā)揮護(hù)坡作用。且邊坡植被的存在會(huì)改善坡體內(nèi)含水率的變化從而影響邊坡土體的抗剪強(qiáng)度提高邊坡的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Hainan Island is rich in forest resources and has high vegetation coverage. However, with the development of the island economy in recent years, human engineering activities and the cultivation of cash crops in mountainous areas have caused varying degrees of damage to the slope vegetation. Under the action of typhoon and heavy rainfall, a large number of small scale slope instability phenomenon appeared in the area of vegetation destruction. Most of these small slope failure patterns are slope erosion and shallow displacement under the action of rainfall. Although the personal injury and property loss caused by the slope is small, it brings much inconvenience to tourism and tourism. Therefore, this paper studies the hydrological effect of slope vegetation under rainfall from the angle of slope vegetation ecological slope protection. To explore the mechanism of vegetation slope protection. The experiment model of artificial rainfall slope is established in this paper. The soil material used in the experiment is silt in Meilan district of Haikou. The bare soil and the kidney fern are set up in the experiment. The monitoring and observation system of the experimental model can collect and measure the surface runoff, collect the soil moisture content in the slope in real time, monitor the permeability of Rain Water, and observe the appearance changes of the slope body. First of all, the laboratory test of silt used in the model was carried out, including the measurement of physical properties and the effect of saturation on the shear strength of unsaturated silt. The test results show that the shear strength of unsaturated silt is saturated. The peak value of degree is about 50%. When the saturation is higher than 50, it decreases with the increase of saturation, and decreases with the decrease of saturation when lower than 50, because of the special properties of silt particles. High apparent cohesion occurs in the process of natural drying and dehydration of silt. The slope models of three different vegetation were compared by two artificial rainfall simulation. The results showed that the slope vegetation mainly formed surface runoff by intercepting Rain Water and changed Rain Water infiltration path. Hydrological effects such as affecting the permeability of slope soil are used to protect slope body. The plant characteristics of slope vegetation are different. The ecological slope protection has its own advantages. The slope protection of Zoysia tenuifolia mainly forms surface runoff by intercepting Rain Water and changes Rain Water infiltration path. The slope protection of kidney fern affected the permeability of slope soil by changing Rain Water infiltration path. The failure of bare soil slope was mainly caused by impact deformation during two rainfall periods with different intensity. Sloping erosion and erosion. Comprehensive analysis shows that. In the process of rainfall, slope vegetation can avoid Rain Water's direct erosion and slow down the sliding of surface soil through its own hydrological effect, and the existence of slope vegetation will improve the change of water content in slope. The stability of the slope is improved by the shear strength of the soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU43

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 杜潤(rùn)有;;高速公路邊坡植被栽植方案及抗旱機(jī)理研究[J];太原科技;2008年09期

2 鞏延明;淺談公路生態(tài)建設(shè)的意義及重點(diǎn)[J];中國(guó)科技信息;2005年15期

3 劉健華;王媛;張東明;;噴附工藝在公路邊坡植被恢復(fù)工程中的試驗(yàn)及應(yīng)用[J];成都大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2011年04期

4 任志華;言志信;江平;宋云;;邊坡植被的護(hù)坡效應(yīng)探討[J];科技導(dǎo)報(bào);2012年23期

5 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前3條

1 冷平生;竇得泉;李月華;付軍;;百花山公路邊坡植被復(fù)重建效果初步調(diào)查[A];工程綠化理論與技術(shù)進(jìn)展——全國(guó)工程綠化技術(shù)交流研討會(huì)論文集[C];2008年

2 劉春霞;韓烈保;;高速公路邊坡植被不同生態(tài)恢復(fù)階段物種多樣性的調(diào)查研究[A];中國(guó)草學(xué)會(huì)草坪專業(yè)委員會(huì)第六屆全國(guó)會(huì)員代表大會(huì)及第九次學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文匯編[C];2004年

3 弓刻;呂升力;;花崗巖邊坡植被恢復(fù)理論與工程實(shí)踐[A];城市生態(tài)建設(shè)與植被恢復(fù)、重建技術(shù)交流研討會(huì)論文集[C];2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 王曉亮;人工降雨作用下邊坡植被水文效應(yīng)模型試驗(yàn)研究[D];海南大學(xué);2015年

2 鄧昕宇;雅瀘高速高寒高海拔山區(qū)路段邊坡植被恢復(fù)探討[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

3 岳煥麗;適合邊坡植被生態(tài)恢復(fù)苔蘚的篩選及應(yīng)用研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1369400