【摘要】：隨著中國經(jīng)濟在穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生以及防風險中進入新常態(tài),商業(yè)銀行開始不斷面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)和機遇。一方面,實體經(jīng)濟增速的放緩使得商業(yè)銀行難以維持以往的高利差,信用風險的逐步增加削弱了商業(yè)銀行的風險抵補能力,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的快速發(fā)展逐步擠占了商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營空間。另一方面,利率市場化基本完成,商業(yè)銀行具有了利率的自主定價權(quán);信貸資產(chǎn)證券化開始實行注冊制,銀行調(diào)整資產(chǎn)端期限結(jié)構(gòu)的能力得到提高;大額存單業(yè)務逐步發(fā)展,銀行主動管理負債端的能力得以增強。面對多重因素所帶來的影響,商業(yè)銀行如何充分運用自身資源,通過調(diào)整和改革經(jīng)營模式,提升競爭力以適應經(jīng)濟新常態(tài),成為其所必須面臨的問題。在此背景下,有必要對中國商業(yè)銀行的競爭力進行分析。本文從國有商業(yè)銀行、股份制商業(yè)銀行、地方性商業(yè)銀行這三類銀行中選取19家作為研究樣本,選用反映商業(yè)銀行盈利能力、安全能力、流動能力以及發(fā)展能力的12項研究指標,利用因子分析法對商業(yè)銀行2011年至2015年的競爭力情況進行了實證分析。分析的結(jié)果表明,對于商業(yè)銀行競爭力來說,安全能力是目前影響最大的因子,發(fā)展能力的重要性緊隨其后,排在第三位的是盈利能力,而流動能力的影響程度最小。就銀行類別而言,國有商業(yè)銀行憑借其悠久的經(jīng)營歷史和雄厚的資金實力,擁有較為有利的定價權(quán),可以實現(xiàn)較高的盈利,因此整體在盈利能力和流動能力上表現(xiàn)較好,不過銀行之間差異明顯,存在著平穩(wěn)型和波動型的分別。地方性商業(yè)銀行則借助其地緣優(yōu)勢和靈活多變的經(jīng)營策略,及時調(diào)整戰(zhàn)略重心,獲得了新常態(tài)下的主動權(quán),因此在安全能力方面優(yōu)勢顯著,且大多處于上升態(tài)勢,在發(fā)展能力上也有不錯的表現(xiàn)。而股份制商業(yè)銀行由于缺乏前兩者的競爭優(yōu)勢導致競爭力減弱,總體成績則處于中等水平且有一定的下降傾向,但仍然有銀行可以充分利用政策支持,及時采取相關(guān)措施應對新常態(tài),從而保持了較好的競爭力。在分析的基礎上,本文認為在新常態(tài)下,商業(yè)銀行提高自身競爭力的策略應該為:首先,控制不良貸款,保證安全能力;其次,發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢,提升發(fā)展能力;再有,著力保障收益,增強盈利能力;最后,加強資金運用,兼顧流動能力。在提出政策建議時,本文從安全能力、發(fā)展能力、盈利能力以及流動能力等四個方面出發(fā),結(jié)合經(jīng)濟新常態(tài)下商業(yè)銀行所能運用的新工具新方法,針對三類商業(yè)銀行的各自特點,有針對性地對各類商業(yè)銀行提出了相關(guān)建議,以促進我國商業(yè)銀行更好地適應新常態(tài),提高自身競爭力,實現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With China's economy growing steadily, promoting reform, restructuring, improving people's livelihood and preventing risks into the new normal, commercial banks are beginning to face new challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, the slowing growth of the real economy makes it difficult for commercial banks to maintain the high interest rate spreads in the past, and the gradual increase of credit risks weakens the ability of commercial banks to offset risks. The rapid development of Internet finance has gradually occupied the business space of commercial banks. On the other hand, interest rate marketization is basically completed, commercial banks have the independent pricing right of interest rate, credit asset securitization begins to carry out registration system, and the ability of bank to adjust the term structure of asset end is improved. With the gradual development of large deposits, the ability of banks to actively manage the debt side has been enhanced. Faced with the influence of multiple factors, it is necessary for commercial banks to make full use of their own resources, adjust and reform their business models, and enhance their competitiveness to adapt to the new normal of the economy. In this context, it is necessary to analyze the competitiveness of Chinese commercial banks. In this paper, from the state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, local commercial banks of these three types of banks selected 19 as research samples, choose to reflect the profitability of commercial banks, security ability, This paper analyzes the competitiveness of commercial banks from 2011 to 2015 by using factor analysis in 12 indicators of mobility and development ability. The results show that, for the competitiveness of commercial banks, safety ability is the most influential factor at present, and the importance of development ability is next, the third is profitability, while the mobility ability has the least influence. As far as the banking category is concerned, state-owned commercial banks, with their long operating history and strong capital strength, have a more favourable pricing power and can achieve higher profits, so the overall performance of the whole bank is better in terms of profitability and mobility. However, there are obvious differences between the banks, there are stable and fluctuating type of difference. Local commercial banks rely on their geographical advantages and flexible management strategies to adjust the strategic center of gravity in time to obtain the initiative under the new normal, so in terms of security capabilities, the advantages are significant, and most of them are in an upward trend. In the development ability also has the good performance. However, due to the lack of competitive advantages of the former two, the joint-stock commercial banks have weakened their competitiveness, and their overall achievements are at a moderate level and tend to decline to a certain extent, but there are still some banks that can make full use of the policy support. Timely take relevant measures to deal with the new normal, so as to maintain a better competitiveness. On the basis of the analysis, this paper thinks that under the new normal condition, the strategies for commercial banks to improve their competitiveness should be as follows: first, controlling non-performing loans to ensure safety; secondly, giving play to their respective advantages and improving their development ability; In addition, focus on the protection of income, enhance profitability; finally, strengthen the use of funds, taking into account mobility. When putting forward policy suggestions, this paper starts from four aspects: security ability, development ability, profitability and mobility, and combines the new tools and new methods that commercial banks can use under the new economic normal. In view of the respective characteristics of the three types of commercial banks, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions to all kinds of commercial banks in order to promote the commercial banks of our country to adapt better to the new normal, to improve their competitiveness and to achieve steady and healthy development.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F832.33

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