【摘要】：利率市場(chǎng)化推動(dòng)下商業(yè)銀行以利差收入為主的盈利模式將難以為繼,商業(yè)銀行面臨著嚴(yán)峻的盈利困境�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)金融不僅提高了金融交易效率,降低了交易成本,還對(duì)傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)銀行的業(yè)務(wù)盲區(qū)進(jìn)行了有效地補(bǔ)充,但是也分流了部分商業(yè)銀行傳統(tǒng)的利潤(rùn)來(lái)源。因此,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融對(duì)商業(yè)銀行盈利結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生了較大的影響。本文先對(duì)我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行的盈利結(jié)構(gòu)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,然后基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的相關(guān)理論,分別從凈利息收入和非利息收入角度深入探討三種主要的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融模式對(duì)商業(yè)銀行盈利結(jié)構(gòu)的作用機(jī)理。最后,選取了非利息收入占營(yíng)業(yè)收入比重作為因變量,第三方支付規(guī)模、P2P網(wǎng)貸規(guī)模和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)理財(cái)規(guī)模作為自變量,實(shí)證分析了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融主要模式對(duì)銀行的盈利結(jié)構(gòu)影響及程度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融在不斷發(fā)展的同時(shí),我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行的凈利潤(rùn)增速逐年遞減,不良貸款率攀升。商業(yè)銀行雖然不斷在發(fā)展多元化盈利模式,但仍以傳統(tǒng)的利差收入為主,非利差收入業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展緩慢,非利息收入來(lái)源單一。另外,從影響機(jī)理上看,第三方支付和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)理財(cái)將商業(yè)銀行閑散活期存款轉(zhuǎn)換為大額定期存款,增加了銀行的利息支出,同時(shí)通過(guò)擠占商業(yè)銀行相應(yīng)中間業(yè)務(wù),使其手續(xù)費(fèi)及交易傭金減少。P2P網(wǎng)貸通過(guò)與商業(yè)銀行的個(gè)人與小微企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而減少銀行的利息收入,通過(guò)直接融通資金鏈上下游,使銀行體系內(nèi)的閑散活期存款資金流出從而減少非利息收入。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明,第三方支付模式對(duì)商業(yè)銀行的非利息收入占營(yíng)業(yè)收入比重產(chǎn)生了較大的正向作用,具體為第三方支付規(guī)模每增加1個(gè)百分點(diǎn),非利息收入占比升高0.261個(gè)百分點(diǎn),P2P網(wǎng)貸和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)理財(cái)對(duì)非利息收入占比的正向作用較小。具體為P2P網(wǎng)貸規(guī)模每增加1個(gè)百分點(diǎn),非利息收入占比升高0.074個(gè)百分點(diǎn);互聯(lián)網(wǎng)理財(cái)規(guī)模每增加1個(gè)百分點(diǎn),非利息收入占比升高0.0167個(gè)百分點(diǎn)�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的發(fā)展與商業(yè)銀行非利息收入占比具有正相關(guān)關(guān)系,而在股份制銀行和城市銀行中影響更大,而在國(guó)有銀行中相對(duì)較弱。因此,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融盡管對(duì)商業(yè)銀行的盈利來(lái)源進(jìn)行了沖擊,但是有利于商業(yè)銀行的盈利結(jié)構(gòu)朝著更加合理化、多元化的方向發(fā)展,這對(duì)其未來(lái)盈利的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)起到促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:The profit model of commercial banks based on interest margin income will be difficult to continue under the promotion of interest rate marketization, and commercial banks are facing a severe profit dilemma. Internet finance not only improves the efficiency of financial transactions, reduces transaction costs, but also effectively complements the blind areas of traditional commercial banks, but also distributes the traditional profit sources of some commercial banks. Therefore, Internet finance has a great impact on commercial banks'profit structure. This paper first analyzes the profit structure of commercial banks and the current situation of Internet finance, and then based on the relevant theories of Internet development, From the perspective of net interest income and non-interest income, this paper probes into the mechanism of the three main Internet financial models on the profit structure of commercial banks. Finally, the paper chooses the proportion of non-interest income as dependent variable, third party payment scale, P2P network loan scale and Internet financial management scale as independent variables. This paper empirically analyzes the influence and extent of Internet finance on the profit structure of banks. It is found that with the development of Internet finance, the growth rate of net profit of commercial banks in China is decreasing year by year, and the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) is rising. Although commercial banks continue to develop diversified profit models, they still focus on the traditional spread income. The non-interest income business develops slowly and the source of non-interest income is single. In addition, from the perspective of influence mechanism, third party payments and Internet financing will convert idle demand deposits of commercial banks into large time deposits, which will increase the interest expenses of banks, and at the same time, by squeezing out the corresponding intermediate business of commercial banks, P2P network loans reduce bank interest income by competing with commercial banks' individual and microenterprise lending business, and by directly financing the upstream and downstream of the capital chain. The outflow of idle demand deposit funds from the banking system reduces non-interest income. The empirical results show that the third-party payment model has a significant positive effect on the proportion of non-interest income to operating income of commercial banks. The proportion of non-interest income increased 0.261 percentage points, P2P network loans and Internet financing have less positive effect on non-interest income. The ratio of non-interest income to non-interest income increases by 0.074 percentage points for every 1 percentage point increase in P2P network loan scale, and 0.0167 percentage point for non-interest income percentage point for every 1 percentage point increase in Internet financial management scale. In general, the development of Internet finance has a positive correlation with the proportion of non-interest income of commercial banks, while it has more influence in joint-stock banks and urban banks, but relatively weak in state-owned banks. Therefore, although Internet finance has impacted on the profit sources of commercial banks, it is conducive to the development of the profit structure of commercial banks in the direction of more rationalization and diversification. This will contribute to the sustained and steady growth of its future earnings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F724.6;F832.33

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