【摘要】：營(yíng)口"過爐銀"這一貨幣制度大體形成于19世紀(jì)七八十年代,并在世紀(jì)末之前維持了穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。由于營(yíng)口是晚清時(shí)期東北貿(mào)易的主要港口,因此過爐銀也成為當(dāng)時(shí)東北的主要貿(mào)易貨幣,它不僅很好地適應(yīng)了東北地區(qū)季節(jié)性極強(qiáng)的貿(mào)易特點(diǎn),也為以營(yíng)口港為核心的東北貿(mào)易提供了良好的貨幣市場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)。但進(jìn)入20世紀(jì),隨著日俄軍事和金融勢(shì)力的侵入,以及官方的介入和干預(yù),東北經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易遭受了一系列外部沖擊和商業(yè)危機(jī),營(yíng)口過爐銀在應(yīng)對(duì)外部沖擊和信用危機(jī)的過程中,經(jīng)歷了從過爐現(xiàn)銀制度、"卯色"交易到支票轉(zhuǎn)賬制度;從中斷決算、不完全決算到公定價(jià)決算、"卯色"決算;從寶銀、小洋、上海匯水到各種紙幣的定價(jià)。過爐銀的經(jīng)營(yíng)也從完全依附于商業(yè)貿(mào)易的商號(hào),逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫哂薪虡I(yè)銀行性質(zhì)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)。清末時(shí)期,既是過爐銀危機(jī)頻發(fā)和發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)期,也是其制度設(shè)計(jì)最為復(fù)雜,運(yùn)行機(jī)能和市場(chǎng)覆蓋范圍最為興盛的一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期。
[Abstract]:Yingkou's "over-furnace silver" monetary system was formed in the 1870s and 1980s, and maintained a stable operation before the end of the century. As Yingkou was the main port of northeast trade in the late Qing Dynasty, it also became the main currency of trade in Northeast China at that time. It also provides a good money market basis for northeast trade with Yingkou port as the core. However, in the 20th century, with the invasion of Japanese and Russian military and financial forces, as well as the intervention and intervention of the government, the northeast economy and trade suffered a series of external shocks and commercial crises. In the process of dealing with external shocks and credit crisis, Yingkou overfurnace silver experienced the system from overstoked-present silver system, "Mao color" trading system to cheque transfer system; from interrupted accounts, incomplete accounts to public pricing accounts, "Mao color" final accounts; from Baoyin, Xiao Yang, The price of all kinds of paper money from Shanghai. The operation of over-furnace silver gradually changed from being completely attached to commercial trade to a financial institution with the character of modern commercial bank. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it was not only the transition period of frequent crisis and development of over-furnace silver crisis, but also the most complicated system design, the most prosperous operation function and market coverage.
【作者單位】： 上海財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;日本武藏野學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金重大項(xiàng)目“近代中國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)發(fā)展與運(yùn)行研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):16ZDA133)、國(guó)家社科基金項(xiàng)目“近代中日貨幣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)研究(1906—1945)”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):13BJL019)的階段性成果 教育部“新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才支持計(jì)劃”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):NCET-13-0894) “上海財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)支持計(jì)劃”(立項(xiàng)編號(hào):2014110309)的資助
【分類號(hào)】：F822.9

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