【摘要】：市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)在中國(guó)的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中。信用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)中并存的兩大現(xiàn)象。整個(gè)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體如果想要持續(xù)健康的運(yùn)行發(fā)展,就必須學(xué)會(huì)遵守和履行多種經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系間的信用、將企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低。經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的各種信用關(guān)系伴隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展程度而愈演愈多樣化。就目前說(shuō),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的信用缺失現(xiàn)象非常惡劣,比如商業(yè)欺詐行為、交易雙方間不遵守合同、相互拖欠不及時(shí)還清債務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,其在很大程度上限制信用功能的使用,并且日益惡化的信用環(huán)境直接造成市場(chǎng)交易成本的增加,很大程度上阻礙了市場(chǎng)資源配置功能的發(fā)揮。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行中,整頓不穩(wěn)定因素,使經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序有條不紊,使企業(yè)信用水平更是一層樓并守互好信用關(guān)系,這是極具挑戰(zhàn)性的重任。供電公司做好正常收回電費(fèi)本職工作就行。但是,伴隨著供電客戶用電量的飛快上升,再加上壞境因素的日益變化,供電公司將面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)是居高不下的電費(fèi)回收風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通過(guò)研究供電公司在電費(fèi)回收工作中出現(xiàn)的各種問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而提高其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理層次,預(yù)防產(chǎn)生呆賬、壞賬及欠費(fèi)等不良現(xiàn)象,增強(qiáng)供電公司的營(yíng)運(yùn)發(fā)展能力,是其亟待解決的問(wèn)題。本文首先詳細(xì)地闡明了選題背景和選題意義,回顧了國(guó)內(nèi)外信用管理研究的歷史和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果可供參考,供電行業(yè)信用評(píng)分實(shí)踐得以借鑒,再加上與從事多年供電客戶信用管理的權(quán)威人士的交流中所獲取的資料,界定目前供電公司信用、信用管理和信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的相關(guān)含義,同時(shí)說(shuō)明供電客戶主要存在欠費(fèi)、竊電的信用不良現(xiàn)象。其次通過(guò)分析研究供電客戶信用評(píng)分指標(biāo)理論,將目標(biāo)層分解為客戶基本情況、客戶外部環(huán)境、客戶發(fā)展前景三個(gè)部分,將這三個(gè)決策層再具體由客戶的償債能力、盈利能力、客戶信譽(yù)、行業(yè)環(huán)境、政府支持、發(fā)展能力、行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)七個(gè)子指標(biāo)構(gòu)成,設(shè)計(jì)一套合乎實(shí)際的供電客戶信用評(píng)分指標(biāo)體系,具體分析并界定影響信用評(píng)分體系的諸多要素,在實(shí)際分析供電客戶上可給予一定程度上的參考價(jià)值。在評(píng)價(jià)模型方面,根據(jù)我國(guó)供電客戶在信用方面的現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)展情況,同模型的可實(shí)施性相聯(lián)系,運(yùn)用層次分析法和模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法兩種方法進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),并以廊坊供電企業(yè)為例,使用其相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行建模得出有效的結(jié)論并分析結(jié)果,本文實(shí)證分析的結(jié)果為“較好”,與廊坊供電企業(yè)客戶信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相符合,這充分說(shuō)明該評(píng)價(jià)模型是科學(xué)合理的,該結(jié)果對(duì)于供電企業(yè)客戶信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理在某種程度上具有借鑒和參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Market economy in China's development process. Credit and risk are two phenomena that coexist in social economy. If the whole market economy wants to run and develop healthily, it must learn to abide by and fulfill the credit between various economic relations, and reduce the enterprise risk to the minimum. With the development of market economy, various credit relations of economic activities become more and more diversified. At present, the phenomenon of lack of credit in our country's economic life is very bad, such as commercial fraud, failure to abide by the contract between the two sides of the transaction, and failure to pay off their debts in a timely manner. It restricts the use of credit function to a great extent, and the deteriorating credit environment directly causes the increase of market transaction cost, which hinders the function of market resource allocation to a great extent. In the operation of the market economy, it is a challenging task to rectify the unstable factors, to make the economic order orderly, to make the credit level of the enterprise more than one floor and to keep a good credit relationship with each other. The power supply company does a good job of normal recovery of electricity charges on the line. However, with the rapid increase in electricity consumption by power customers, coupled with the changing environment, the challenge for power supply companies will be the high risk of electricity recovery. By studying all kinds of problems in electricity recovery work of power supply company, and then raising its risk management level, preventing bad debts, bad debts and arrears and other bad phenomena, enhancing the power supply company's ability of operation and development, It is an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the background and significance of the topic are expounded in detail, the history and development of credit management research at home and abroad are reviewed, the research results at home and abroad can be used for reference, and the credit scoring practice of power supply industry can be used for reference. In addition, the information obtained from the exchange with the authoritative personages engaged in the credit management of power supply customers for many years defines the relevant meanings of the credit, credit management and credit risk management of the power supply companies at present. At the same time, it shows that the power supply customers are mainly in arrears. Bad credit for electricity theft. Secondly, through the analysis and study of power supply customer credit scoring index theory, the target layer is decomposed into three parts: customer basic situation, customer external environment, customer development prospect, and the three decision-making layers are divided into three parts: customer's solvency and profitability. Customer reputation, industry environment, government support, development ability and industry risk are composed of seven sub-indicators. A set of practical credit scoring index system for power supply customers is designed, and many factors that affect the credit scoring system are analyzed and defined in detail. In the actual analysis of power supply customers can give a certain degree of reference value. In terms of evaluation model, according to the actual development of power supply customers in our country in the credit aspect, and related to the implementability of the model, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate, and Langfang power supply enterprise is taken as an example. Using the relevant data to model and analyze the results, the empirical results of this paper are "good", which is consistent with the reality of customer credit risk in Langfang power supply enterprise. This fully shows that the evaluation model is scientific and reasonable, and the results have reference value to some extent for customer credit risk management in power supply enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61;F832.4

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