本文選題：虛擬貨幣 + 加密貨幣�。� 參考：《金融監(jiān)管研究》2016年04期

【摘要】：隨著信息加密和網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)日趨成熟,科技正在推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型變革。虛擬貨幣的產(chǎn)生在此過(guò)程中又顯得至關(guān)重要。虛擬貨幣方案在許多情況下便于對(duì)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)交互繞過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的中央結(jié)算所。虛擬貨幣及其關(guān)聯(lián)技術(shù)(特別是基于區(qū)塊鏈的分布式賬本)正在迅速發(fā)展,其未來(lái)前景難以預(yù)測(cè)。虛擬貨幣帶來(lái)了許多潛在益處,包括更快速、高效的支付和轉(zhuǎn)賬等,并將最終促進(jìn)普惠金融。一些虛擬貨幣方案背后的分布式賬本技術(shù)提供的潛在益處將遠(yuǎn)超虛擬貨幣本身。但是,虛擬貨幣的出現(xiàn)也引發(fā)了許多潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如成為洗錢、恐怖融資、偷稅漏稅和欺詐等犯罪的工具。虛擬貨幣雖然目前的規(guī)模仍非常有限,對(duì)現(xiàn)階段貨幣政策實(shí)施產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)亦甚微,但隨著新技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用,其對(duì)金融穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生的影響會(huì)日益顯現(xiàn)。有關(guān)虛擬貨幣的有效監(jiān)管對(duì)策還處于起步階段。虛擬貨幣的在國(guó)家層面跨越了不同機(jī)構(gòu)的職責(zé),并在全球范圍內(nèi)操作,其監(jiān)管難度很大。并且,許多虛擬貨幣在傳統(tǒng)金融系統(tǒng)之外運(yùn)作,缺乏透明度,其操作過(guò)程更難以被監(jiān)管。各國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)已開(kāi)始著手應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)且方式各異。需要注意的是,國(guó)家主管部門需認(rèn)真權(quán)衡監(jiān)管方式,既要適當(dāng)處置風(fēng)險(xiǎn)又不能扼殺創(chuàng)新。為了在國(guó)家層面推進(jìn)發(fā)展進(jìn)程和促進(jìn)政策的完善,國(guó)際層面也應(yīng)進(jìn)行更多努力。隨著經(jīng)驗(yàn)的不斷積累,可考慮提出國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和最優(yōu)方法,為不同領(lǐng)域的最優(yōu)監(jiān)管對(duì)策提供指導(dǎo),從而促進(jìn)跨轄區(qū)的協(xié)調(diào)。也可在此類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基礎(chǔ)上,為一些領(lǐng)域設(shè)立跨國(guó)合作和協(xié)調(diào)的框架。
[Abstract]:With the information encryption and network computer technology maturing day by day, science and technology is promoting the transformation of the global economy. The emergence of virtual currency is very important in this process. Virtual currency schemes facilitate peer-to-peer interactions around traditional central clearing houses in many cases. Virtual currency and its correlation technology (especially the distributed account book based on block chain) are developing rapidly and its future prospects are difficult to predict. Virtual currencies offer many potential benefits, including faster and more efficient payments and transfers, and will ultimately promote inclusive finance. The potential benefits offered by distributed bookkeeping technology behind some virtual currency schemes will far outweigh the virtual currency itself. However, the emergence of virtual currency also leads to many potential risks, such as money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion and fraud. Although the scale of virtual currency is still very limited and the risk to the implementation of monetary policy is very small at present, with the wide application of new technology, its influence on financial stability will become more and more obvious. The effective supervision and control of virtual currency is still in its infancy. The regulation of virtual currencies, which transcends the responsibilities of different institutions at the national level and operates on a global scale, is difficult to regulate. Moreover, many virtual currencies operate outside the traditional financial system without transparency, making their operation more difficult to regulate. National regulators have begun to address these challenges in different ways. It is important to note that national authorities need to carefully balance regulatory approaches to properly address risks and not stifle innovation. More should be done at the international level in order to advance the development process and promote policy improvement at the national level. With the continuous accumulation of experience, international standards and optimal methods can be considered to provide guidance for optimal regulatory countermeasures in different fields, thus promoting cross-jurisdictional coordination. On the basis of such standards, a framework for transnational cooperation and coordination could also be established in a number of areas.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民銀行烏魯木齊中心支行;
【分類號(hào)】：F821;F49

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