本文選題：三農(nóng)　切入點：建設銀行　出處：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的不斷深化,農(nóng)業(yè)成在保障民生中的作用不斷凸顯,國家將“三農(nóng)”問題升級為國家戰(zhàn)略層面,相繼出臺了一系列的“三農(nóng)”扶持政策,為提高農(nóng)業(yè)化水平以及保障農(nóng)民生活質(zhì)量奠定了堅實的基礎,因此“三農(nóng)”逐漸成為民眾的聚焦點。國家對于“三農(nóng)”領域的扶持政策最早要追溯到上個世紀八十年代,中央制定了“一號文件”,文件為我國的農(nóng)村改革提出了發(fā)展方向,有效地調(diào)動起農(nóng)民的積極性,保障了農(nóng)民的利益,在很長一段時間內(nèi)解決了農(nóng)村勞動力問題。上個世紀九十年代,隨著改革開放的不斷深化,我國經(jīng)濟得到了快速發(fā)展,但是農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展以及農(nóng)民的收入?yún)s沒有跟上時代的步伐,在九十年代末期,農(nóng)民收入增幅連續(xù)下降,與城鎮(zhèn)居民的收入差距越來越大。農(nóng)民由于職業(yè)的特殊性,可以滿足溫飽。但是嚴重缺乏消費念能力,對于醫(yī)療以及教育更是無力支付,鑒于這種現(xiàn)狀,對“三農(nóng)”問題的改革已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。在我國,農(nóng)村人口占比以及農(nóng)業(yè)占比都很高,因此“三農(nóng)”問題是我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的重中之重,需要國家出臺一系列的政策進行扶持。綜合分析,在人財物的政策支持方面,財力支撐應當是排在首位的,但是實際的到位資金還遠遠不夠,這成為制約“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展的主要問題。為了解決資金問題,國家不斷出臺相關(guān)政策,鼓勵金融機構(gòu)加大對“三農(nóng)”的扶持力度,例如:定向降準,將存款準備經(jīng)比例與對“三農(nóng)”扶持力度掛鉤等。在政策推動下,商業(yè)銀行以及農(nóng)村信用社等金融機構(gòu)紛紛優(yōu)化了原有的信貸資產(chǎn)配置,推出了一系列針對“三農(nóng)”的貸款品種,為解決“三農(nóng)”資金短板問題提供了幫助。但是,隨著我國“三農(nóng)”改革的不斷深化,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)機構(gòu)、農(nóng)民經(jīng)營方式等核心要素也在不斷的發(fā)生變化,原有的金融機構(gòu)資金扶持方向已經(jīng)不能滿足不斷變化的新型需求,而金融機構(gòu)由于其風控訴求以及其他自身問題而不能及時推出新的貸款品種以及信貸模式,這就出現(xiàn)了供給與需求不對接的問題,因此要保證對“三農(nóng)”的資金扶持就必須要不斷優(yōu)化信貸模式,滿足由于“三農(nóng)”改革而不斷出現(xiàn)的新的需求。在“三農(nóng)”分析中,以往的文獻以及相關(guān)學者習慣于使用定量分析的方法,這種方法在使用過程中較為復雜,不易理解,且“三農(nóng)”在不斷發(fā)展與優(yōu)化,量化分析容易出現(xiàn)偏差,對提出解決問題的方式造成影響。本文以建設銀行為分析對象,研究分析建設銀行的經(jīng)營環(huán)境,以此為基礎拓展到“三農(nóng)”領域,提出金融機構(gòu)針對“三農(nóng)”問題的解決方案,以此滿足農(nóng)戶在發(fā)展需求,為農(nóng)民致富提供保障,進而推動整個農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,解決“三農(nóng)”問題中的資金面缺乏以及需求與供給不對接問題。本文首先對“三農(nóng)”相關(guān)概念進行了界定,并概述了國內(nèi)外金融機構(gòu)支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗借鑒;在此基礎上,針對黑龍江省建設銀行服務“三農(nóng)”信貸業(yè)務的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,進行了業(yè)務發(fā)展SWOT分析與評價;據(jù)此提出了有針對性的黑龍江省建設銀行服務“三農(nóng)”信貸業(yè)務發(fā)展的對策和建議。本文在研究分析的過程中也存在一些不足之處,例如:采取定性分析的方式進行經(jīng)營環(huán)境研究,雖然更加注重了方向性的研究,但是缺乏精確性;本文中使用的數(shù)據(jù)中,建設銀行的數(shù)據(jù)相對準確,但是其他潛在競爭者的經(jīng)營數(shù)據(jù)都是通過其他渠道得來的,缺乏一定的準確性等。
[Abstract]:With the continuous deepening of China's economic transformation, agriculture continue to highlight the role in safeguarding the people's livelihood in the country, the "three rural" upgraded to the national strategic level, have issued a series of policy of "three rural", and laid a solid foundation for improving the agricultural level and safeguard farmers' quality of life, so the "three rural" has gradually become the focus of people. The policy support for the "three rural" areas of the country can be traced back to the last century in 80s, the Chinese government has formulated the "document", put forward the development direction of the file for the rural reform of our country, effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, to protect the interests of the farmers. For a long time to solve the problem of rural labor. In 90s of last century, with the deepening of reform and opening-up, China's economy has been rapid development, but the development of agriculture and farmers' income In did not keep pace with the times, in the late 90s, farmer income growth declined continuously, and the income gap between urban residents more and more farmers. Because of the particularity of occupation, can meet the food and clothing consumption. But a serious lack of reading ability, for health care and education is unable to pay, in view of this situation, the reform of the "three rural" the problem is imminent. In our country, the rural population proportion and agriculture very high proportion, so the "three rural issues" is the priority among priorities in the development of China's economy, the country has issued a series of policy support. The comprehensive analysis, in support of their policies, financial support should be ranked in the first place, but the actual capital in place is not enough, the main problem restricting the development of "three agriculture". In order to solve this problem, the state has introduced relevant policies to encourage financial institutions to increase On the "three rural" support, such as targeted RRR cuts, the deposit reserve ratio and the support of the "three rural" hook. Under the policy to promote commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives and other financial institutions have to optimize the allocation of the credit assets, launched a series of the "three rural" loans variety, provide help to solve the "three rural" funds short board problem. However, with the deepening of China's "three rural" reform, agricultural industry organization, farmers management and other core elements are in constant change, the original structure of financial funds to support the direction has been unable to meet the new needs of the changing, and financial because of its risk control mechanism and other problems of their own demands and can not timely launch of new loan products and credit model, which appeared in the supply and demand does not answer the question, so make sure to agriculture "The financial support must constantly optimize the credit model, meet the" three rural "reform because of the emergence of new needs. In the" three rural "analysis method, the literature and relevant scholars to use quantitative analysis used, this method used in the process is more complex, not easy to understand, and the" three rural "in the continuous development and optimization, quantitative analysis is prone to bias, the impact on the way to solve the problem. This paper puts forward the Construction Bank as the research object, analysis of the Construction Bank's operating environment, on the basis of expanding to three rural areas, put forward solutions to the financial institution for the" three rural issues ", in order to meet the farmers in the the development needs, to provide protection for the farmers, and promote the development of rural economy, capital to solve the" three rural "problem in the lack of supply and demand docking problem. This paper first does not The first of the "three rural" defines the related concepts, and summarizes the domestic and foreign financial institutions to support agricultural development experience; on the basis of the current development of the Construction Bank of Heilongjiang province "three rural" service of credit business, analyzed and evaluated the SWOT business development; puts forward the targeted Construction Bank of Heilongjiang province service "countermeasures and suggestions of rural credit business development. This paper also has some deficiencies, in the process of research and analysis for qualitative analysis of business environment research, although pay more attention to the direction of the research, but lack of accuracy; the data used in this paper, the Construction Bank data accurate, but operating data of other potential competitors are obtained through other channels, lack of accuracy.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F832.43

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