貿(mào)易順差在各國發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用,因?yàn)橘Q(mào)易順差是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和國家發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵動(dòng)力。然而,非洲地區(qū)國家一直存在著貿(mào)易逆差問題,從而在國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域逐漸被邊緣化。非洲國家進(jìn)口額大于出口額及其出口原料來源的不穩(wěn)定性是導(dǎo)致非洲地區(qū)貿(mào)易邊緣化的主要因素之一。非洲邊緣化問題深植于其與歐洲國家關(guān)系史和當(dāng)前國際體系的辯證性中。殖民時(shí)期,非洲傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)態(tài)模式被調(diào)整為,非洲殖民國向宗主國輸送的勞動(dòng)力和原料,從而對(duì)非洲地區(qū)的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治生活產(chǎn)生長期影響。非洲國家獨(dú)立后,本土精英維持著殖民貿(mào)易模式,使有利于前宗主國的制度得以持續(xù)。獨(dú)立進(jìn)程造成國家的分化:前殖民國成為發(fā)達(dá)國家和北方國家,前殖民地和其他國家成為第三世界國家、發(fā)展中國家和南方國家。自此,雙方關(guān)系性質(zhì)將是各方為控制和生存所進(jìn)行的持久斗爭之一。例如,世界貿(mào)易組織屆會(huì)期間談判的失敗反映出發(fā)展中國家在努力發(fā)出自己聲音的過程中所遭遇的困難。此外,非洲精英缺乏解決所面臨問題的真正意愿。盡管非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)并非鐵板一塊,但是目前整個(gè)非洲的貿(mào)易模式是相似的,由此導(dǎo)致的后果是災(zāi)難性的。經(jīng)濟(jì)作物作為首要考量會(huì)增大食品安全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),增加食品進(jìn)口量,從而導(dǎo)致貿(mào)易赤字。非洲貿(mào)易赤... 

【文章來源】：華中師范大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：346 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Glossary
Ⅰ-Introduction
    1.1 Problem Statement
    1.2 Significance of the Study
    1.3 Objectives of the study
    1.4 Research questions
    1.5 Hypothesis
    1.6 Literature review
        1.6.1 Definition of development
        1.6.2 The link between Trade and Economic Development
        1.6.3 Theories of development's perceptions of trade
    1.7 Research Methodology
    1.8 Structure of the study
Ⅱ-Theoretical framework:Dependency theory
    2.1 Definition of dependency theory
    2.2 Dependency theory's assumptions
    2.3 A political dimension of dependency theory
Ⅲ-Assessing Africa's international trade
    3.1 Africa's intra-trade
    3.2 Africa's foreign trade (merchandise and services trade)
    3.3 Benin's marginalization in trade
Ⅳ-The exogenous causes of Africa's marginalization in the trade exchanges:Amatter of economic interests
    4.1 The legacy of Colonialism on African countries' economies
        4.1.1 Colonialism in Africa or the disruptive element in African economic history
        4.1.2 The reasons for Africa's colonization
        4.1.3 The colonial administration and its mechanisms
        4.1.4 The negative impacts of colonialism on African economies
        4.1.5 The impact of colonialism on the current trade patterns in Africa:the case of cotton
    4.2 Globalization and its neocolonial facet as a major factor to African marginalization
        4.2.1 The means of neocolonialism
        4.2.2 An example of the persistent neocolonialism in Africa:The Francafrique
    4.3 Economic Effect of Colonial and Neocolonialism on African consumerist culture
    4.4 The tug-of-war between developing countries and developed countries in agricultural trade
        4.4.1 World Trade Organisation: a battleground between developed countries and developing countries
        4.4.2 The failed trade negotiations or the disagreement
        4.4.3 The Cottongate in WTO's dispute settlement mechanism and the involvement of Benin
Ⅴ-The endogenous causes of Africa's marginalization in the trade exchanges:The responsibility of the local elites
    5.1 Lack of a genuine political willingness: a neopatrimonial system
    5.2 The lack of adequate trained workforce
        5.2.1 Benin, education and the issue of international trade language barriers and the lack of skills in international trade
        5.2.2 The lack of information on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures
    5.3 The lack of adequate infrastructures
    5.4 The lack of independent trade and development policies
        5.4.1 The era of planned development in Benin
        5.4.2 The neoliberal policies era
    5.5 Dependency theory and the current Beninois trade policy
        5.5.1 Revealing Benin
        5.5.2 An analysis of Benin's trade policy through path dependency
Ⅵ-The effects of the current trade patterns on Africa's development
    6.1 Effects of trade on Africa in a globalized world
        6.1.1 A still fragile Economic growth and with no social justice
        6.1.2 The vulnerability of the African continent in a globalized world
        6.1.3 Vulnerability of African economies in Free trade
    6.2 The effects of trade on Africa on the productive apparatus
        6.2.1 Impacts of international trade exchanges as currently applied to Africa's primary sector (extractive industries)
        6.2.2 Food insecurity as a consequence of import of foodstuffs
        6.2.3 Land grabbing and people eviction from their lands
        6.2.4 Political instability for the sake of mineral resources
    6.3 A low pace of industrialization
    6.4 The effects of the current international trade patterns on the productive apparatus of Africa
        6.4.1 The "African" wax textile and the problem of second-hand clothing and footwear
        6.4.2 The issue of access to drugs
        6.4.3 The construction and the import of steel
    6.5 The effects of international trade on employment and environment
        6.5.1 Impacts of international trade on employment in Africa
        6.5.2 The effects of International trade on Africa's environment
Conclusion
Recommendations
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
中文摘錄



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