中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的碳排放問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-13 23:23
【摘要】：縱觀世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展史，工業(yè)革命和新興科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家乃至發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn)，創(chuàng)造了空前的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，然而人類在開發(fā)自然資源，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí)，也給環(huán)境帶來了破壞，各國(guó)對(duì)化石燃料的消耗量不斷增加，由此導(dǎo)致二氧化碳等氣體的排放量與日俱增。全球變暖，生態(tài)污染加劇等一系列問題成為制約全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展的阻礙，因此探尋一種既能保證經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度，又能兼顧環(huán)境質(zhì)量的低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)模式成為世界各國(guó)今后發(fā)展的共同主題。 國(guó)際分工的日益深化，國(guó)際貿(mào)易的不斷發(fā)展，使二氧化碳游走于各個(gè)貿(mào)易國(guó)家，如何應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際減排已是國(guó)際焦點(diǎn)。作為一個(gè)貿(mào)易大國(guó)，中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易依存度一直很高，出口是拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)必不可少的一駕馬車，，而碳排放量的增加亦是出口貿(mào)易高速發(fā)展所必不可免的現(xiàn)象，因此合理測(cè)算中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)以及出口貿(mào)易中所含的碳排放量和碳排放強(qiáng)度，研究我國(guó)出口貿(mào)易中不同行業(yè)的減排空間，明確中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易與碳排放之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)于今后我國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的轉(zhuǎn)型以及實(shí)現(xiàn)出口貿(mào)易低碳排放具有重要的意義。 本文主要建立在出口貿(mào)易對(duì)碳排放作用機(jī)制的理論基礎(chǔ)之上，結(jié)合中國(guó)現(xiàn)有出口貿(mào)易以及碳排放的現(xiàn)狀分析，著重通過計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法檢驗(yàn)中國(guó)出口規(guī)模與碳排放之間的關(guān)系，通過驗(yàn)證發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易規(guī)模與碳排放量之間存在單向格蘭杰因果關(guān)系，中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的不斷擴(kuò)大是碳排放量增加的一個(gè)重要原因。其次運(yùn)用投入產(chǎn)出法大致測(cè)算中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易中各行業(yè)的碳排放強(qiáng)度和碳排放量，以此來劃分中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易中的高碳行業(yè)、中碳行業(yè)和低碳行業(yè)，為不同碳排放強(qiáng)度的出口行業(yè)提供合理的減排空間，同時(shí)通過比較分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)水平是影響中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易中碳排放量的重要因素。 通過經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論分析和實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)，本文認(rèn)為中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的高碳排放主要是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)較高的外貿(mào)依存度和較大出口規(guī)模、出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、減排技術(shù)不成熟等三方面原因，其次是能源生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、寬松的碳排放規(guī)制等方面的制約。 最后論文針對(duì)中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易中大量的碳排放量以及巨大的減排壓力提出中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的減排的政策建議。為減少中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易中的碳排放量，主要應(yīng)從以下幾方面入手：調(diào)整我國(guó)的能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)化出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)、加強(qiáng)研發(fā)力度以及引進(jìn)減排技術(shù)、加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作交流爭(zhēng)取談判主動(dòng)權(quán)等。
[Abstract]:Throughout the history of world economic development, the industrial revolution and the development of new science and technology have made the economies of developed and even developing countries advance by leaps and bounds and created unprecedented economic prosperity. however, while human beings are developing natural resources and developing the economy, It has also caused damage to the environment, and the consumption of fossil fuels is increasing, resulting in the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. A series of problems, such as global warming and increased ecological pollution, have become obstacles to global sustainable development, so exploring a way to ensure the speed of economic development. The low-carbon economic model, which can take into account environmental quality, has become the common theme of the future development of all countries in the world. With the deepening of international division of labor and the continuous development of international trade, how to deal with international emission reduction has become the international focus. As a big trading country, China's dependence on foreign trade has always been very high. Exports are an indispensable vehicle for stimulating economic growth, and the increase in carbon emissions is also an inevitable phenomenon for the rapid development of export trade. Therefore, we should reasonably measure the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity contained in China's domestic production and export trade, study the emission reduction space of different industries in China's export trade, and clarify the relationship between China's export trade and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for the transformation of China's export trade and the realization of low-carbon emissions from export trade in the future. This paper is mainly based on the theory of the mechanism of export trade on carbon emissions, combined with the analysis of China's existing export trade and the current situation of carbon emissions. The relationship between China's export scale and carbon emissions is tested by econometric analysis, and it is found that there is a one-way Granger causality between the scale of China's export trade and carbon emissions. The continuous expansion of China's export trade is an important reason for the increase in carbon emissions. Secondly, the input-output method is used to roughly calculate the carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of various industries in China's export trade, so as to divide the high-carbon industry, medium-carbon industry and low-carbon industry in China's export trade. It provides a reasonable emission reduction space for export industries with different carbon emission intensities. At the same time, through comparative analysis, it is found that the structure of export commodities and the level of technology are the important factors affecting carbon emissions in China's export trade. Through economic theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper holds that the high carbon emissions of China's export trade are mainly due to China's high dependence on foreign trade and large export scale, unreasonable structure of export commodities, immature emission reduction technology and so on. Secondly, the unreasonable structure of energy production and consumption, loose carbon emission regulations and other constraints. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the emission reduction of China's export trade in view of the large amount of carbon emissions in China's export trade and the huge pressure to reduce emissions. In order to reduce carbon emissions in China's export trade, we should mainly start with the following aspects: adjusting China's energy consumption structure, optimizing the structure of export commodities, strengthening research and development efforts and introducing emission reduction technology. Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and strive for the initiative of negotiations, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F752.62
本文編號(hào)：2476260
[Abstract]:Throughout the history of world economic development, the industrial revolution and the development of new science and technology have made the economies of developed and even developing countries advance by leaps and bounds and created unprecedented economic prosperity. however, while human beings are developing natural resources and developing the economy, It has also caused damage to the environment, and the consumption of fossil fuels is increasing, resulting in the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. A series of problems, such as global warming and increased ecological pollution, have become obstacles to global sustainable development, so exploring a way to ensure the speed of economic development. The low-carbon economic model, which can take into account environmental quality, has become the common theme of the future development of all countries in the world. With the deepening of international division of labor and the continuous development of international trade, how to deal with international emission reduction has become the international focus. As a big trading country, China's dependence on foreign trade has always been very high. Exports are an indispensable vehicle for stimulating economic growth, and the increase in carbon emissions is also an inevitable phenomenon for the rapid development of export trade. Therefore, we should reasonably measure the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity contained in China's domestic production and export trade, study the emission reduction space of different industries in China's export trade, and clarify the relationship between China's export trade and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for the transformation of China's export trade and the realization of low-carbon emissions from export trade in the future. This paper is mainly based on the theory of the mechanism of export trade on carbon emissions, combined with the analysis of China's existing export trade and the current situation of carbon emissions. The relationship between China's export scale and carbon emissions is tested by econometric analysis, and it is found that there is a one-way Granger causality between the scale of China's export trade and carbon emissions. The continuous expansion of China's export trade is an important reason for the increase in carbon emissions. Secondly, the input-output method is used to roughly calculate the carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of various industries in China's export trade, so as to divide the high-carbon industry, medium-carbon industry and low-carbon industry in China's export trade. It provides a reasonable emission reduction space for export industries with different carbon emission intensities. At the same time, through comparative analysis, it is found that the structure of export commodities and the level of technology are the important factors affecting carbon emissions in China's export trade. Through economic theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper holds that the high carbon emissions of China's export trade are mainly due to China's high dependence on foreign trade and large export scale, unreasonable structure of export commodities, immature emission reduction technology and so on. Secondly, the unreasonable structure of energy production and consumption, loose carbon emission regulations and other constraints. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the emission reduction of China's export trade in view of the large amount of carbon emissions in China's export trade and the huge pressure to reduce emissions. In order to reduce carbon emissions in China's export trade, we should mainly start with the following aspects: adjusting China's energy consumption structure, optimizing the structure of export commodities, strengthening research and development efforts and introducing emission reduction technology. Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and strive for the initiative of negotiations, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F752.62
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本文編號(hào)：2476260
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