【摘要】：世界上汽車租賃產(chǎn)業(yè)興起于20世紀(jì)初,至今已經(jīng)有近一百年的歷史。為人們生活和生產(chǎn)帶來了很大便利,減少了個人和企業(yè)為購買汽車的資金占用,同時減輕了汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)對資源的浪費和對環(huán)境的破壞。進入21世紀(jì)以來,世界汽車租賃業(yè)呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的局面,伴隨全球的步伐,中國汽車租賃業(yè)也迅速發(fā)展。但是,我國的汽車租賃企業(yè)大多規(guī)模較小,市場份額也很少,具有較弱的風(fēng)險抵御能力,并且主要集中在北京、上海、廣東和一些東部沿海發(fā)達地區(qū),逐漸在全國鋪開廣泛的經(jīng)營網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此,我國的汽車租賃業(yè)在很多方面還有待完善。本文研究一種最優(yōu)的汽車訂購和服務(wù)定價策略,希望對我國汽車租賃企業(yè)的經(jīng)營和發(fā)展有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。本文的選題就是在這種大背景下提出的,當(dāng)汽車租賃企業(yè)的訂購量大于市場需求時,會面臨庫存風(fēng)險；訂購量小于市場需求時,會出現(xiàn)缺貨損失。因此,制定一個合適的汽車訂購量尤為重要。而汽車租賃企業(yè)的服務(wù)價格又會影響市場的期望需求,進一步影響企業(yè)的收益。為了提高汽車租賃企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益,增強其競爭力,研究一種有效的汽車訂購和服務(wù)定價策略具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。首先,基于經(jīng)典報童模型,研究了汽車租賃企業(yè)的多階段靜態(tài)訂購策略。本文假設(shè)市場對汽車租賃的隨機需求服從正態(tài)分布,汽車租賃企業(yè)的期望銷售隨著訂購量的增加而增大,當(dāng)企業(yè)的訂購量達到一定數(shù)量時,期望銷售的增加幅度開始不斷減小,而購買汽車的成本和維護費用不斷增加,導(dǎo)致企業(yè)的總利潤達到峰值后開始減小。因此,企業(yè)的總利潤在最優(yōu)訂購量處取得最大值,得到了企業(yè)的唯一最優(yōu)訂購決策。其次,利用經(jīng)典報童模型,研究了汽車租賃企業(yè)的最優(yōu)汽車訂購和服務(wù)定價策略。本文假設(shè)市場對汽車租賃的隨機需求是符合加性原理,并且汽車租賃需求和租賃價格存在線性單調(diào)遞減關(guān)系,建立了汽車租賃企業(yè)的最優(yōu)聯(lián)合訂購和定價決策模型。當(dāng)企業(yè)的總利潤函數(shù)關(guān)于服務(wù)價格和訂購量的一階偏導(dǎo)分別等于零,可得到企業(yè)的最優(yōu)訂購量和服務(wù)價格,企業(yè)的總利潤達到最大化,研究了企業(yè)的最優(yōu)汽車訂購和服務(wù)定價策略。然后,基于博弈理論,運用經(jīng)典報童模型,研究了共享租賃能力的汽車租賃企業(yè)最優(yōu)訂購策略。本文分析比較了汽車租賃企業(yè)獨立經(jīng)營、不共享庫存能力和采取共享租賃能力策略時的最優(yōu)訂購數(shù)量和總利潤。研究表明,在共享租賃能力策略下,企業(yè)的最優(yōu)汽車訂購數(shù)量減少了,增加了雙方的流動資金,并且雙方的總利潤提高了,實現(xiàn)了帕累托改進,達到了共贏。最后,分析和總結(jié)了本文的主要研究結(jié)果,希望對我國汽車租賃企業(yè)的發(fā)展有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。同時指出論文的研究不足,對今后的研究進行了展望。
[Abstract]:The automobile rental industry in the world rose in the early 20 th century, and has a history of nearly 100 years. It has brought great convenience to people's life and production, reduced the occupation of funds by individuals and enterprises for buying cars, and reduced the waste of resources and damage to the environment caused by the automobile industry at the same time. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the auto leasing industry in the world has developed vigorously. With the pace of the world, the auto leasing industry in China has also developed rapidly. However, most of the car rental enterprises in China are relatively small in scale, have small market share, have relatively weak ability to resist risks, and are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and some developed areas along the eastern coast. Gradually spread out a wide range of business networks throughout the country. Therefore, the car leasing industry in China needs to be improved in many aspects. In this paper, an optimal vehicle ordering and service pricing strategy is studied, which is expected to have some guiding significance for the operation and development of car rental enterprises in China. The topic of this paper is put forward under this background, when the order quantity of car rental enterprise is larger than the market demand, it will face the inventory risk; when the order quantity is smaller than the market demand, there will be shortage loss. Therefore, the development of a suitable car order is particularly important. The service price of car rental enterprise will affect the expected demand of the market and further affect the income of the enterprise. In order to improve the economic benefit and enhance the competitiveness of automobile rental enterprises, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study an effective vehicle ordering and service pricing strategy. Firstly, based on the classic newsboy model, the multi-stage static ordering strategy of car rental enterprises is studied. This paper assumes that the random demand for car rental in the market is normally distributed. The expected sales of car rental enterprises increase with the increase of order quantity. When the order quantity reaches a certain amount, the increase of expected sales begins to decrease. And the cost of buying car and the cost of maintenance are increasing, which causes the total profit of the enterprise to reach the peak and begin to decrease. Therefore, the total profit of the enterprise is maximized at the optimal order quantity, and the sole optimal ordering decision is obtained. Secondly, using the classical newsboy model, the optimal vehicle ordering and service pricing strategy of car rental enterprises are studied. This paper assumes that the random demand for car rental is in accordance with the additive principle, and that there is a linear monotone decreasing relationship between the rental demand and the rental price. The optimal joint ordering and pricing decision model of the car rental enterprise is established in this paper. When the first order partial derivation of the total profit function about service price and order quantity is equal to zero respectively, the optimal ordering quantity and service price can be obtained, and the total profit of enterprise can be maximized. The optimal vehicle ordering and service pricing strategy are studied. Then, based on the game theory and using the classical newsboy model, the optimal ordering strategy of car rental enterprises with shared leasing capability is studied. This paper analyzes and compares the optimal order quantity and total profit of automobile rental enterprises when they operate independently, do not share inventory capacity and adopt the strategy of sharing rental capacity. The research shows that under the shared leasing capability strategy, the optimal car order quantity of the enterprise is reduced, the liquidity of both parties is increased, and the total profit of both parties is increased, the Pareto improvement is realized, and the win-win situation is achieved. Finally, the main research results of this paper are analyzed and summarized in the hope of guiding the development of car rental enterprises in China. At the same time, the paper points out the lack of research, and prospects for future research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F721

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