【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)抓住發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)遇,主動(dòng)參與到全球價(jià)值鏈的構(gòu)建中,出口導(dǎo)向型的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式鑄就了舉世矚目的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展奇跡。全球價(jià)值鏈的拓展在帶動(dòng)國(guó)際貿(mào)易量成倍增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí),對(duì)價(jià)值鏈各環(huán)節(jié)產(chǎn)品跨國(guó)流動(dòng)的效率提出了更高的要求,海關(guān)通關(guān)效率的高低對(duì)產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力影響顯著。我國(guó)海關(guān)以“依法行政,為國(guó)把關(guān)。服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì),促進(jìn)發(fā)展”為目標(biāo),結(jié)合國(guó)際海關(guān)先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及我國(guó)實(shí)際情況,不斷改革創(chuàng)新,主動(dòng)地為對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的通關(guān)環(huán)境。但是,面對(duì)對(duì)外貿(mào)易持續(xù)“爆發(fā)式增長(zhǎng)”以及全球價(jià)值鏈對(duì)產(chǎn)品高效率流動(dòng)的要求,海關(guān)的通關(guān)效率處于“嚴(yán)密監(jiān)管時(shí)間不足”、“高效服務(wù)速度偏慢”的尷尬境地。海關(guān)作為進(jìn)出境的監(jiān)督管理機(jī)關(guān),其性質(zhì)決定了海關(guān)必須在最大限度降低通關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和最大程度上提高通關(guān)效率兩個(gè)方面尋找平衡點(diǎn)。本文運(yùn)用全球價(jià)值鏈理論,從全球價(jià)值鏈背景下新型國(guó)家貿(mào)易的特點(diǎn)出發(fā),以“客戶(hù)導(dǎo)向”的視角分別從海關(guān)、企業(yè)和口岸三個(gè)方面查找制約海關(guān)通關(guān)效率的問(wèn)題,分析產(chǎn)生原因,并指出對(duì)外貿(mào)易“管得住、通得快”的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。全文分為四個(gè)部分：第一部分主要介紹文章的研究背景和意義、國(guó)、內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和本文的研究思路及方法。第二部分是全球價(jià)值鏈簡(jiǎn)介。主要包括全球價(jià)值鏈的形成背景、概念、以及主要研究方向,并依據(jù)全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展的需要提出對(duì)海關(guān)通關(guān)效率的要求。第三部分海關(guān)通關(guān)效率現(xiàn)狀。主要包括海關(guān)通關(guān)作業(yè)流程簡(jiǎn)介,制約通關(guān)效率的問(wèn)題診斷,以及影響海關(guān)通關(guān)效率的原因分析。第四部分指出提高海關(guān)通關(guān)效率的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。從海關(guān)、企業(yè)和口岸不同視角,以“客戶(hù)需求”為導(dǎo)向?qū)ΜF(xiàn)行通關(guān)模式、流程、載體等方面進(jìn)行調(diào)整,在保證嚴(yán)密監(jiān)管的基礎(chǔ)上,提高海關(guān)通關(guān)效率,滿足全球價(jià)值鏈產(chǎn)品“無(wú)障礙”跨關(guān)境流動(dòng)的需求
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has seized the opportunity of industrial transfer in developed countries and actively participated in the construction of global value chain. The export-oriented economic development model has created a miracle of economic development that attracts worldwide attention. The expansion of global value chain not only promotes the increase of international trade volume, but also puts forward higher requirements for the efficiency of cross-border flow of products in various links of the value chain. The efficiency of customs clearance has a significant impact on the competitiveness of products. China's customs to "administration by law, for the country to guard." With the aim of serving economy and promoting development, combining the advanced experience of international customs and the actual situation of our country, we should constantly reform and innovate, and take the initiative to create a favorable customs environment for the development of foreign trade. However, in the face of the sustained "explosive growth" of foreign trade and the demand of the global value chain for the efficient flow of products, the customs clearance efficiency is in the awkward situation of "tight supervision and insufficient time" and "slow efficient service". The nature of Customs as an internal and external supervision and administration authority determines that Customs must find a balance between minimizing the risk of customs clearance and improving the efficiency of customs clearance to the greatest extent. Based on the theory of global value chain and the characteristics of new national trade under the background of global value chain, this paper, from the perspective of "customer orientation", finds out the problems that restrict the efficiency of customs clearance from three aspects: customs, enterprise and port, respectively. This paper analyzes the causes of foreign trade, and points out the specific way to realize foreign trade. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly introduces the research background and significance of the article, the current situation of domestic and foreign research, and the research ideas and methods of this paper. The second part is a brief introduction of global value chain. This paper mainly includes the background, concept and research direction of global value chain, and puts forward the requirement of customs clearance efficiency according to the need of the development of global value chain. The third part is the current situation of customs clearance efficiency. It mainly includes the brief introduction of customs operation flow, the problem diagnosis of restricting the efficiency of customs clearance, and the analysis of the reasons that affect the efficiency of customs clearance. The fourth part points out the specific way to improve the efficiency of customs clearance. From different angles of view of customs, enterprises and ports, the current customs mode, process and carrier should be adjusted in the light of "customer demand", so as to improve customs clearance efficiency on the basis of strict supervision and control. Meeting the needs of "barrier-free" cross-boundary flows of global value chain products
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F752.5

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