【摘要】：2017年中央“一號(hào)文件”提出“加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)外合作,推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)走出去”,為我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品面向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)出口貿(mào)易定下基調(diào),同時(shí)也為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)際貿(mào)易相關(guān)問(wèn)題的研究指明了方向。在農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾日益凸顯背景之下,我國(guó)部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品面臨嚴(yán)峻的高庫(kù)存壓力,而國(guó)際貿(mào)易是緩解壓力的重要渠道。與此同時(shí),黑龍江是我國(guó)重要的農(nóng)業(yè)大省,也是重要的商品糧基地,在保障國(guó)家糧食安全、穩(wěn)定社會(huì)秩序、帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等方面的作用舉足輕重。2016年黑龍江省稻米產(chǎn)量為251億斤,并且商品化率為66.2%,在全國(guó)居首位。但是在與全球市場(chǎng)對(duì)接時(shí),也呈現(xiàn)些許不足,主要表現(xiàn)在稻米品質(zhì)、稻米品種方面�；诖�,本文著手:闡述黑龍江省稻米出口現(xiàn)狀;解析稻米出口環(huán)境;解構(gòu)稻米出口中面臨的主要問(wèn)題及弊端;揭示影響稻米出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的諸因素;探底稻米出口潛力等幾項(xiàng)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)論述,具體撰文思路如下:首先,基于全球視域分析了當(dāng)前稻米的生產(chǎn)、消費(fèi)、庫(kù)存以及進(jìn)出口情況,宏觀審視當(dāng)前稻米市場(chǎng)環(huán)境,繼而對(duì)黑龍江省稻米的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易狀況進(jìn)行了解析。其次,從國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)兩個(gè)層面,選取國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率、顯示性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)、貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力指數(shù)來(lái)考察世界范圍的出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力表現(xiàn),選取對(duì)稱(chēng)性顯示性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)指標(biāo)、貿(mào)易平衡指標(biāo)展開(kāi)與國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的比較,進(jìn)一步明確黑龍江省稻米在國(guó)際與國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位。再次,依據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論、鉆石體系理論,借助專(zhuān)家調(diào)查法、層級(jí)分析以及灰色關(guān)聯(lián)方法分析了影響稻米競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的諸因素,梳理影響稻米國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力之掣肘,解構(gòu)其影響機(jī)理。最后,圍繞如何提升黑龍江省稻米競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,從提高稻米質(zhì)量、稻米產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型以及管理體制機(jī)制改革等方面提出針對(duì)性政策建議。本研究較為全面地分析了黑龍江省稻米出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的影響因素,對(duì)于提升黑龍江省稻米市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革、制定糧食進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易政策、積極融入“一帶一路戰(zhàn)略”等都具有重要的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)踐意義。
[Abstract]:In 2017, the "No. 1 document" of the Central Committee proposed "strengthening agricultural cooperation with foreign countries and promoting agriculture going out", which set the tone for China's agricultural products to export to the international market, and also pointed out the direction for the study of the problems related to the international trade of agricultural products. Under the background of the increasingly prominent structural contradiction in agriculture, some agricultural products in China are facing severe pressure of high inventory, and international trade is an important channel to alleviate the pressure. At the same time, Heilongjiang is an important agricultural province in China, as well as an important commodity grain base, which ensures national food security and stabilizes social order. In 2016, the rice yield of Heilongjiang Province was 25.1 billion jin, and the commercialization rate was 66.2, ranking first in the country. But in the connection with the global market, there are some deficiencies, mainly in rice quality, rice varieties. Based on this, this paper begins to elaborate the present situation of rice export in Heilongjiang Province, analyze the rice export environment, deconstruct the main problems and disadvantages in rice export, reveal the factors that affect the competitiveness of rice export. This paper discusses several problems, such as the potential of rice export at the bottom, and puts forward the ideas as follows: firstly, based on the global perspective, the current rice production, consumption, inventory, import and export situation are analyzed, and the current rice market environment is examined macroscopically. Then the production and trade of rice in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed. Secondly, from the international and domestic levels, select the international market share, indicative comparative advantage index, trade competitiveness index to examine the world's export competitiveness performance, select symmetry display comparative advantage index. The trade balance index is compared with the domestic market to further clarify the competitive position of Heilongjiang Province rice in the international and domestic markets. Thirdly, according to the theory of industrial competitiveness, the theory of diamond system, with the help of expert investigation, hierarchical analysis and grey correlation method, this paper analyzes the factors that affect rice competitiveness, and combs the constraints that affect the international competitiveness of rice. Deconstruct its influence mechanism. Finally, some suggestions on how to improve the rice competitiveness of Heilongjiang Province are put forward from the aspects of rice quality, transformation of rice industry and reform of management system and mechanism. This study comprehensively analyzed the influencing factors of Heilongjiang Province rice export competitiveness, which can promote Heilongjiang Province rice market competitiveness, promote agricultural supply-side structural reform, and formulate grain import and export trade policy. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to actively integrate Belt and Road's strategy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.7;F752.62

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