【摘要】：近幾年來,隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和居民收入的提高,私人轎車已經(jīng)成為大多數(shù)普通百姓的代步工具。隨著私家轎車數(shù)量的迅速增加,不少城市逐步呈現(xiàn)出交通擁堵、空氣污染、燃油緊缺等“城市病”問題,并有加速惡化的趨勢。為緩解不良趨勢,共享交通應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。共享交通是一種與交通規(guī)劃、城市發(fā)展、綜合治理相結(jié)合的智慧型、共享型的交通發(fā)展理念。共享單車交通系統(tǒng)以其低碳環(huán)保、資金和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投入少、便民惠民等優(yōu)勢,成為有效代替步行的短途共享交通系統(tǒng),同時(shí)調(diào)整了城市出行結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)了城市交通的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。共享單車網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究及優(yōu)化調(diào)度契合當(dāng)下我國綠色、創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、開放、共享的五大發(fā)展理念,將中國的交通引向更少的生產(chǎn)消耗、更低的資源浪費(fèi)、更有效的資源利用和互利共贏的新模式。因此本文以共享單車網(wǎng)絡(luò)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征值和聚類子群進(jìn)行了分析,并結(jié)合網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征值和聚類子群情況分析,建立優(yōu)化調(diào)度的模型,尋求最優(yōu)調(diào)度策略。本文研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:(1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征值具有高度值的單車站點(diǎn)擔(dān)任了不可小覷的交通換乘樞紐職責(zé),因此呈現(xiàn)出與更多周邊站點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的特征,應(yīng)考慮擴(kuò)大其規(guī)模以此提高共享單車的整體利用效率,并考慮設(shè)置調(diào)度中心;(2)對(duì)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)共享單車網(wǎng)絡(luò)凝聚子群分析發(fā)現(xiàn):子群中密度值最高的凝聚子群使用效率的提升將會(huì)影響到其它子群單車運(yùn)行效率。該子群對(duì)共享單車的使用效率具有最大的貢獻(xiàn)度,所以應(yīng)重點(diǎn)考慮該子群內(nèi)站點(diǎn)的規(guī)模設(shè)計(jì)和管理,并以此為參照劃分調(diào)度區(qū)域;(3)提出了兩種調(diào)度模型。一種是僅考慮最短距離和調(diào)度需求量的一般線性規(guī)劃調(diào)度模型,求解得到一般線性規(guī)劃最優(yōu)策略;一種是考慮行駛時(shí)間、調(diào)度車容量、運(yùn)營成本等因素的限制,提出了基于通行費(fèi)用和效益的整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃模型,并運(yùn)用列生成算法進(jìn)行求解,得出最優(yōu)策略供調(diào)度者進(jìn)行選擇;(4)實(shí)例分析部分完成了對(duì)青州共享交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)建,并對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的中心性、中間中心性、結(jié)構(gòu)洞、凝聚子群進(jìn)行了分析。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征值選出局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)并進(jìn)行路線的優(yōu)化調(diào)度,找出最優(yōu)調(diào)度策略,驗(yàn)證了優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型的可行性。本文運(yùn)用社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析法分析共享單車網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特征量和凝聚子群情況,以此為基礎(chǔ)確立調(diào)度中心和調(diào)度區(qū)域,并提出的優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型為交通管理部門提供了一種區(qū)域內(nèi)交通調(diào)度的新思路,具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of Chinese economy and the improvement of residents' income, private cars have become the means of most ordinary people. With the rapid increase in the number of private cars, many cities are gradually showing traffic congestion, air pollution, fuel shortage and other "urban diseases", and there is a tendency to accelerate the deterioration. In order to alleviate the bad trend, shared traffic emerged as the times require. Shared traffic is a kind of intelligent and shared traffic development concept combined with traffic planning, urban development and comprehensive management. With its advantages of low carbon and environmental protection, less investment in capital and infrastructure, and convenience to the people, the shared bicycle transportation system has become an effective alternative to the short distance shared transportation system for walking, and has also adjusted the urban travel structure. The sustainable development of urban traffic is realized. The research and optimal scheduling of shared bicycle network are in line with the five development concepts of green, innovation, coordination, openness and sharing, which lead to less production consumption and less waste of resources in China. More effective use of resources and win-win new model. In this paper, we analyze the network eigenvalues and cluster subgroups, and combine the network eigenvalues and clustering subgroups to establish the optimal scheduling model and search for the optimal scheduling strategy. The contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Cycling stations with high eigenvalues play the important role of transport transfer hub, so they have the characteristics of connecting with more surrounding stations. Consideration should be given to increasing its size in order to improve the overall efficiency of shared bikes, Considering the setting of dispatching center; (2) analyzing the coacervation subgroup of shared single vehicle network in the study area, it is found that the improvement of the efficiency of the condensed subgroup with the highest density in the subgroup will affect the running efficiency of other subgroups. The subgroup has the greatest contribution to the efficiency of shared bicycle, so we should focus on the design and management of the site in the sub-group, and use it as a reference to divide the scheduling area. (3) two scheduling models are proposed. One is a general linear programming scheduling model which only considers the shortest distance and the scheduling demand, and the other is to obtain the optimal strategy of the general linear programming, and to consider the constraints of the travel time, the capacity of the dispatching vehicle, the operation cost, and so on. The integer linear programming model based on the cost and benefit is proposed, and the algorithm of column generation is used to solve the problem, and the optimal strategy is obtained for the scheduler to choose. (4) the example analysis part completes the construction of the Qingzhou shared traffic network. The centrality, middle centrality, structural holes and condensed subgroups of the network are analyzed. The local network is selected by the eigenvalue of the network and the optimal scheduling strategy is found. The feasibility of the optimal scheduling model is verified. In this paper, the characteristic quantity and condensed subgroup of shared bicycle network are analyzed by means of social network analysis method, and the dispatching center and dispatching area are established on the basis of this analysis. The proposed optimal scheduling model provides a new idea for traffic management departments in the area of traffic scheduling, which has a certain practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F724.6;F572

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本文編號(hào)：2234046