發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-04 17:49

【摘要】：經(jīng)過(guò)多年的多邊和雙邊貿(mào)易談判,世界各國(guó)的貿(mào)易制度正日趨開(kāi)放,各國(guó)的總體關(guān)稅率已經(jīng)大幅下降,非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘被大量的削減,貿(mào)易自由化取得了很大的進(jìn)展。但隨著大幅度關(guān)稅減讓,傳統(tǒng)關(guān)稅調(diào)整的余地變得越來(lái)越小,貿(mào)易自由化談判進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行的難度不斷增大,關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘對(duì)于國(guó)際貿(mào)易的影響不斷減弱。與此同時(shí),“貿(mào)易的非便利化”作為一種隱性貿(mào)易壁壘,日益受到各國(guó)際組織、各國(guó)政府以及國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的關(guān)注。近些年來(lái),跨境貿(mào)易在很多情況下不能順利進(jìn)行的原因,很大程度上是與存在許多機(jī)制性和技術(shù)性障礙、貿(mào)易流程和相關(guān)手續(xù)比較繁瑣有關(guān),貿(mào)易是否便利成為影響國(guó)際貿(mào)易發(fā)展的重要因素,貿(mào)易便利化逐漸成為了全球關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文圍繞貿(mào)易便利化這一貿(mào)易熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,歸納整理國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者現(xiàn)有的研究成果,從貿(mào)易便利化的含義出發(fā),在借鑒前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合貿(mào)易便利化新的擴(kuò)展內(nèi)涵,首先構(gòu)建了系統(tǒng)、全面的三級(jí)貿(mào)易便利化指標(biāo)體系,并運(yùn)用主成分分析法通過(guò)SPSS軟件對(duì)指標(biāo)體系的各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行權(quán)重賦值。然后用構(gòu)建起的貿(mào)易便利化指標(biāo)體系對(duì)包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的50個(gè)國(guó)家2009-2014年的貿(mào)易便利化水平進(jìn)行了測(cè)量。測(cè)算結(jié)果顯示,世界各國(guó)的貿(mào)易便利化水平還存在較大的差異,經(jīng)濟(jì)比較發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家貿(mào)易便利化水平往往也比較高,經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)落后的國(guó)家貿(mào)易便利化水平也比較低,而中國(guó)的貿(mào)易便利化水平正處于世界平均水平,還有很大的提升空間。接著本文通過(guò)擴(kuò)展和修正現(xiàn)有的引力模型,對(duì)貿(mào)易便利化水平與我國(guó)的出口貿(mào)易額之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。研究結(jié)果顯示,進(jìn)口國(guó)家的貿(mào)易便利化水平的提升有助于增加我國(guó)對(duì)其出口貿(mào)易額,并且影響程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)關(guān)稅減讓對(duì)于貿(mào)易額的影響。實(shí)證結(jié)果還表明,在四大貿(mào)易便利化指標(biāo)中,口岸效率和電子商務(wù)便利化水平的提升對(duì)于貿(mào)易流量的影響是比較突出的。最后,本文基于測(cè)算和實(shí)證研究結(jié)果,提出了幾點(diǎn)提升貿(mào)易便利化水平的政策建議。
[Abstract]:After years of multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations, the world's trade system is becoming increasingly open, the overall tariff rate has been greatly reduced, non-tariff barriers to trade have been greatly reduced, trade liberalization has made great progress. However, with the large tariff concessions, the scope of traditional tariff adjustment becomes smaller and smaller, the difficulty of further trade liberalization negotiations becomes more and more difficult, and the impact of tariff and non-tariff trade barriers on international trade is weakening. At the same time, as a hidden trade barrier, non-facilitation of trade has been paid more and more attention by international organizations, governments and scholars at home and abroad. In recent years, the reason why cross-border trade has not been able to proceed smoothly in many cases is to a large extent due to the existence of many institutional and technical obstacles and cumbersome trade processes and related procedures. Trade facilitation has become an important factor affecting the development of international trade, and trade facilitation has gradually become the focus of global attention. This paper focuses on trade facilitation as a hot trade issue, summarizes and collates the existing research results of domestic and foreign scholars, starting from the meaning of trade facilitation, on the basis of drawing lessons from previous research results, combining with the new expanded connotation of trade facilitation. Firstly, a systematic and comprehensive three-level trade facilitation index system is constructed, and the weight of each index of the index system is assigned by principal component analysis through SPSS software. Then, the trade facilitation level of 50 countries, including China, was measured using the trade facilitation index system. The results show that there are still large differences in the level of trade facilitation among countries in the world. The level of trade facilitation in countries with relatively developed economies is often relatively high, and the level of trade facilitation in countries with relatively backward economies is also relatively low. China's trade facilitation level is at the world average, there is still a lot of room for improvement. Then, by extending and modifying the existing gravity model, this paper makes an empirical study on the relationship between the level of trade facilitation and China's export trade volume. The results show that the improvement of the level of trade facilitation of importing countries helps to increase China's export trade volume, and the influence degree is far greater than the impact of tariff concessions on the volume of trade. The empirical results also show that among the four major trade facilitation indicators, the impact of port efficiency and e-commerce facilitation on trade flows is more prominent. Finally, based on the results of measurement and empirical research, this paper puts forward some policy recommendations to improve the level of trade facilitation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F752.62

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