發(fā)布時間：2018-07-10 20:01

  本文選題：清潔能源 + 中美關(guān)系　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：能源作為國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的動力來源具有基礎(chǔ)性作用。它是國家生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),不僅關(guān)系到國家的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展,也關(guān)系到普通國民的日常生活。能源問題歷來都對國際關(guān)系有著具有重大影響,它既可能導致國際沖突,也可能帶來國際合作。目前世界范圍內(nèi)的能源短缺已成事實,各國都普遍面臨嚴峻的環(huán)境問題壓力,使得能源、資源、環(huán)境與國家經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展和國家安全相互交織,且其嚴重性和復雜性正在不斷加劇,對國際關(guān)系的影響也更為明顯,能源問題已成為國家間關(guān)系中的一個重要議題。作為中美在能源合作中的重要組成部分,清潔能源合作在中美關(guān)系中的意義和作用在近年來不斷得到提升。在全球能源形勢日益嚴峻,環(huán)境和氣候問題愈發(fā)嚴重的背景下,中美兩國都在大力發(fā)展本國的清潔能源,并在該領(lǐng)域積極開展國際合作。中美在清潔能源上的合作正成為雙方戰(zhàn)略合作的重要基石之一,它不僅有利于兩國共同應對全球環(huán)境保護問題,還有助于確保雙方的能源安全、減少貿(mào)易摩擦,進而為中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展提供新的平臺,注入新的發(fā)展動力。中美雙方都具有保障能源安全共同利益的基礎(chǔ)動因,提供國際環(huán)境公共產(chǎn)品的外部動力,經(jīng)濟效益和優(yōu)勢互補的內(nèi)在動力,以及爭取未來國際體系主導權(quán)的前瞻性目標。中美在過去的三十多年內(nèi),在清潔能源領(lǐng)域形成了富有成效的合作,為兩國共同應對氣候變化、保護環(huán)境、提高能源利用效率做出了努力。中美在合作中逐步確立了互惠互利、有效溝通、平等協(xié)商、多元發(fā)展、優(yōu)勢互補、協(xié)同保障的合作原則,簽署了多個合作協(xié)議和諒解備忘錄以及合作指針,為合作中雙方的權(quán)利和義務作出了具體和明確的約定,對合作意向、行動原則、行動指南和部分行動計劃的以書面形式進行了確立,最終形成了主要由政府渠道、官民一體渠道、企業(yè)渠道、非政府組織渠道和多邊框架渠道構(gòu)成的“五軌”多渠道立體式合作格局。但與此同時,不可忽視的是,在中美開展清潔能能源合作的過程中也不可避免要受到中美關(guān)系大局的影響。中美關(guān)系既具有相對的穩(wěn)定性,同時也具有一定的矛盾性和風險性。近年來中美雙方在有關(guān)清潔能源的經(jīng)貿(mào)糾紛和摩擦不斷顯現(xiàn),在雙邊技術(shù)合作交流上也存在一定的障礙。同時,由于中美之間長期存在的戰(zhàn)略互疑和相互認知風險也使中美在清潔能源上的合作存在一定風險。總的來說,競爭與合作并存是中美在清潔能源關(guān)系上的常態(tài)。作為中美多領(lǐng)域合作的一個重要組成部分,積極開展清潔能源的商業(yè)開發(fā)、技術(shù)合作和貿(mào)易往來等諸多將有助于緩解兩國之間存在的摩擦和矛盾,雙方所表現(xiàn)出的態(tài)勢依然是合作多于競爭。未來中美雙方將在保障經(jīng)濟和社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展、保護環(huán)境、應對氣候變化等共同目標的指引下,擴大合作范圍,深化合作領(lǐng)域,以現(xiàn)有機制為基礎(chǔ),以重點合作領(lǐng)域為突破口,逐步消除合作中的障礙,力爭實現(xiàn)更好的有效合作。
[Abstract]:Energy as the motive source of national economic and social development has a fundamental role. It is the basis for the survival and development of the country. It is not only related to the economic and social development of the country, but also to the daily life of the common people. Energy issues have always had a significant impact on international relations. It may lead to international conflicts and may also be possible. International cooperation. At present, the world's energy shortage has become a fact. All countries are generally facing severe environmental pressure, making energy, resources, environment and national economic social development and national security intertwined, and its seriousness and complexity are increasing, the impact on international relations is more obvious, energy problems already As an important issue in inter state relations, as an important part of China and the United States in energy cooperation, the significance and role of clean energy cooperation in Sino US relations have been improved in recent years. In the context of the increasingly severe global energy situation and the increasingly serious environment and climate problems, both China and the United States are vigorously developing their own countries. The cooperation between China and the United States in clean energy is becoming one of the important cornerstones of strategic cooperation between the two sides. It is not only conducive to the two countries to deal with the problems of global environmental protection, but also to ensure the energy security of both sides, reduce trade frictions, and thus provide a new development for the development of Sino US relations. China and the United States both have the basic motivation to protect the common interests of energy security, the external power of the international environmental public products, the internal driving force of the complementary economic benefits and advantages, and the forward-looking targets for the future international system leading power. In the past more than 30 years, China and the United States have been in clean energy. The field has formed fruitful cooperation to make efforts to deal with climate change, protect the environment and improve the efficiency of energy use. In cooperation, China and the United States have gradually established mutual benefit, effective communication, equal consultation, pluralistic development, complementary advantages, cooperative principle of cooperation and signed a number of cooperation agreements and memorandums of understanding. And the cooperation pointer, made specific and clear agreement for the rights and obligations of the two parties in the cooperation, established the written form of cooperation intention, action principle, action guide and part of action plan, and finally formed the main channels composed of government channels, government and people one channel, enterprise channel, non-governmental organization channel and multilateral framework channel. But at the same time, it can not be ignored that in the process of developing clean energy and energy cooperation between China and the United States, China and the United States inevitably have to be affected by the overall situation of Sino US relations. The relationship between China and the United States has a relative stability, but also a certain spear shield and risk. In recent years, China and the United States have been concerned about the relationship between China and the United States. The economic and trade disputes and frictions of clean energy are constantly emerging, and there are some obstacles in bilateral technical cooperation and exchanges. At the same time, because of the long-standing strategic mutual doubt and mutual cognitive risk between China and the United States, there are some risks in the cooperation between China and the United States on clean energy. In general, the coexistence of competition and cooperation is the clean energy relationship between China and the United States. As an important part of the cooperation between China and the United States, the active development of the commercial development of clean energy, technical cooperation and trade will help to alleviate the frictions and contradictions between the two countries. The situation of both sides is still more cooperative than competition. The future and the United States and the United States will protect the economy and the society. Under the guidance of the common goals of sustainable development, environmental protection and climate change, we should expand the scope of cooperation, deepen the field of cooperation, take the existing mechanisms as the basis, and take the key cooperation areas as a breakthrough, gradually eliminate the obstacles in cooperation and strive to achieve better effective cooperation.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F416.2;F752.7;F757.12

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本文編號：2114519