本文選題：自我選擇效應 + 出口學習效應��； 參考：《浙江工商大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國經(jīng)濟增速有所放緩,逐漸邁入“轉(zhuǎn)型”特殊時期。2014年第四季度GDP,相比去年,由7.6%的同比增長速度降低為7.3%。而2014年我國居民人均可支配收入20167元,比上年名義增長10.1%。就不同部門而言,出口企業(yè)員工工資水平大體上遠遠高于本土企業(yè)員工工資水平,成為行業(yè)內(nèi)翹楚。出口企業(yè)的高工資水平與其高生產(chǎn)率和豐富的管理經(jīng)驗密不可分,且二者具體作用機制可歸納為出口學習效應和自我選擇效應。但是企業(yè)產(chǎn)出中出口比例大小是否對企業(yè)出口溢價程度有所影響呢?針對我國特殊的出口產(chǎn)品結構,有必要根據(jù)出口密度的不同,對出口企業(yè)進行分類,分別測算不同出口密度的企業(yè)出口溢價程度,為促進我國出口行業(yè)和出口產(chǎn)品的結構升級提供理論基礎。本文以中國當前經(jīng)濟走勢下貿(mào)易對工資的溢出效應為切入點,旨在考察貿(mào)易發(fā)展以及出口密度對勞動收入分配的影響,試圖解釋以下兩個核心問題：第一,制造業(yè)出口工資溢價效應發(fā)生的路徑是什么,出口學習效應還是自我選擇效應?第二,制造業(yè)的出口密度差異對勞動收入分配的影響機理和傳導機制是什么?本文將從勞動分配差異等現(xiàn)實問題出發(fā),在對關于企業(yè)異質(zhì)性貿(mào)易理論的文獻梳理和評論的基礎上,利用2001—-2009年工業(yè)企業(yè)微觀數(shù)據(jù),首先,檢驗中國制造業(yè)中出口企業(yè)的出口工資溢價現(xiàn)象的存在性；其次,研究出口企業(yè)自我選擇效應和出口學習效應的作用機制和對勞動收入分配的貢獻程度；最后,針對不同出口密度的出口企業(yè),檢驗其出口工資溢價大小。本文的內(nèi)容安排如下：第一章為導論。第二章整理有關的理論背景,并綜述了目前學術界有關出口與工資水平方面的理論和實證分析的主要文獻。第三章為實證分析,包括變量選取與解釋、數(shù)據(jù)來源以及實證模型的構建。第四章則為具體的實證檢驗以及結論總結,并指出了不足之處和進一步研究的方向。第五章針對以上現(xiàn)象和研究結論提出若干政策建議。本文的主要結論如下：具有較高工資水平的企業(yè)由于自我選擇效應而優(yōu)先進入國際市場,并通過出口學習效應在一定程度上進一步提高了企業(yè)的工資水平。一方面,從企業(yè)總體的角度出發(fā),我們發(fā)現(xiàn),出口企業(yè)相對于非出口企業(yè)存在顯著的出口工資溢價效應,這與傳統(tǒng)異質(zhì)性企業(yè)理論相符。另一方面,從出口密度的角度上看,由于以生產(chǎn)率低而出口密度高為主要特征的加工出口企業(yè)的存在,使得我國具有出口密度差異企業(yè)的出口工資溢價程度不全相同。我國生產(chǎn)率較高的低出口密度企業(yè)存在工資溢價現(xiàn)象,這與一般出口企業(yè)相關,而生產(chǎn)率低的高出口密度企業(yè)則沒有工資溢價效應,且不存在學習效應,這是由于受到加工出口企業(yè)的影響�？偨Y而言,貿(mào)易具有較為顯著的勞動收入分配效應。與現(xiàn)有文獻相比,本文可能的創(chuàng)新點在于：(1)本文在總結國內(nèi)外相關文獻研究的基礎上,結合傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易理論、新新貿(mào)易理論和企業(yè)異質(zhì)性理論,以自我選擇效應和出口學習效應兩個視角分別研究企業(yè)工資水平與出口行為的深層關系,分析貿(mào)易的收入分配效應。(2)鑒于出口行為對具有不同出口密度的行業(yè)的勞動收入影響可能存在差異,本文在考察貿(mào)易對勞動收入分配影響的同時,對出口密度不同的行業(yè)進行了考察。
[Abstract]:China's economic growth has slowed down, gradually entering the special period of "transformation" in the fourth quarter of.2014, GDP, compared with last year, the growth rate of 7.6% was reduced to 7.3%., and the per capita disposable income of China's residents was 20167 yuan in 2014. Compared with the previous year's nominal increase of 10.1%., the wage level of the employees in the export enterprises was substantially higher than that of the previous year. The wage level of the employees of local enterprises has become the top priority in the industry. The high wage level of the export enterprises is closely related to the high productivity and rich management experience. The specific mechanism of the two parties can be summed up as the export learning effect and the self selection effect. But whether the export proportion of the enterprise output has a shadow on the degree of the export premium of the enterprise has some effect. In view of the special export structure of our country, it is necessary to classify the export enterprises according to the different export density, calculate the export premium degree of the enterprises with different export density, and provide the theoretical basis for the promotion of the structure upgrading of the export industry and export products in China. The spillover effect is the breakthrough point to examine the effects of trade development and the export density on labor income distribution, and try to explain the following two core issues: first, what is the path of the wage premium effect in the manufacturing export, the export learning effect or the self selection effect? Second, the difference in the export density of the manufacturing industry to the labor income What are the mechanism and transmission mechanism of the impact of distribution? This article will start from the practical problems such as the difference of labor distribution and so on. On the basis of reviewing and reviewing the literature on the theory of enterprise heterogeneity trade, using the micro data of industrial enterprises in 2001 to -2009 years, first, check the deposit of the export wage premium of the export enterprises in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Secondly, we study the mechanism of the self selection effect and the export learning effect of export enterprises and the contribution degree to the distribution of labor income. Finally, the export wage premium for export enterprises with different export density is tested. The contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter collates the relevant theoretical background, The main literature on the theoretical and empirical analysis of export and wage level in the academic circle is summarized. The third chapter is an empirical analysis, including the selection and interpretation of variables, the data source and the construction of the empirical model. The fourth chapter is the concrete empirical test and conclusion, and points out the shortcomings and further research directions. The fifth chapter puts forward some policy suggestions in view of the above phenomena and conclusions. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the enterprises with higher wages are given priority to the international market because of their self choice effect, and the wage level of enterprises is further improved through the effect of export learning. On the one hand, the overall angle of the enterprise is from the overall angle of the enterprise. On the other hand, from the point of view of the export density, the export density is the main characteristic of the low productivity and the export density is the main characteristic of the export enterprises, which makes China have the export density. The export wage premium of different enterprises is not all the same. There is a wage premium in low export density enterprises with high productivity in our country, which is related to the general export enterprises, while the high export density enterprises with low productivity have no wage premium effect and do not have the learning effect, which is due to the influence of the export enterprises. Compared with the existing literature, the possible innovation points of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of summarizing the relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper combines the traditional trade theory, the new new trade theory and the theory of enterprise heterogeneity, and divides it into two perspectives: self selection effect and export learning effect. Do not study the deep relationship between the wage level and the export behavior of the enterprise and analyze the income distribution effect of trade. (2) in view of the difference in the effect of export behavior on the labor income of industries with different export density, this paper examines the effects of trade on the distribution of labor income and examines the industries with different export density.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.62;F272.92

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