本文選題：信用證 + 軟條款�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：信用證作為最主要的銀行支付手段之一,目前在國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算中已被各國銀行和大多數(shù)商人普遍使用。中國加入世貿(mào)組織后,已經(jīng)成為第一大出口國和第二大進(jìn)口國,對外貿(mào)易額巨大,是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長的重要力量。中國進(jìn)出口商使用信用證支付方式已成為必然。然而信用證是一個矛盾結(jié)合體,貿(mào)易商在享受其帶來的便利之時,也為其所制造的風(fēng)險而煩惱。信用證軟條款問題正是矛盾的一方面,它已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到信用證發(fā)揮其支付手段的職能,我們應(yīng)該對此問題引起足夠的重視。國際上對此問題尚沒有明確的界定,也沒有形成統(tǒng)一的認(rèn)識。信用證軟條款認(rèn)識上的滯后性,給貿(mào)易雙方在信用證交易中產(chǎn)生巨大風(fēng)險。本文重點(diǎn)對信用證軟條款的表現(xiàn)形式及降低軟條款風(fēng)險的防范措施上進(jìn)行分析,希望能為完善信用證制度提供相關(guān)參考和建議,并為銀行及貿(mào)易公司在遇到此問題提供有效借鑒。本文主要包括以下四部分的內(nèi)容:第一部分主要是對信用證軟條款基本認(rèn)識的簡介,包括信用證軟條款的定義、常見表現(xiàn)形式和識別。信用證軟條款會呈現(xiàn)多種多樣、紛繁復(fù)雜的形式,認(rèn)識信用證軟條款常見表現(xiàn)形式和識別方法是非常重要的。本部分對信用證軟條款的識別方法和表現(xiàn)形式進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)分析,以期待更清楚的了解什么是信用證軟條款、信用證軟條款常見的表現(xiàn)形式。第二部分主要是對信用證軟條款的產(chǎn)生原因和危害進(jìn)行分析,原因主要包括從各方當(dāng)事人對國際貿(mào)易的一些主觀心態(tài)找到原因和從國際貿(mào)易客觀的外部環(huán)境找到原因,通過尋找原因進(jìn)行“對癥下藥”。進(jìn)而對信用證軟條款這一問題的危害進(jìn)行分析,巨大的危害意味著我們必須采取相應(yīng)防范措施。第三部分主要是對信用證軟條款的救濟(jì)阻礙和防范措施進(jìn)行分析,包括從基礎(chǔ)合同與信用證項(xiàng)下分析軟條款的救濟(jì)困難,從而重點(diǎn)引出對救濟(jì)信用證軟條款的各種措施進(jìn)行探討,以期待更好的化解和防范信用證軟條款所帶來的風(fēng)險,維護(hù)信用證在國際貿(mào)易重要支付方式的地位。第四部分主要是對預(yù)防信用證軟條款的發(fā)展和完善進(jìn)行分析,包括進(jìn)一步完善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式信用證、建立一套有效的識別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、完善開證申請人保護(hù)機(jī)制、以及對信用證軟條款的明確規(guī)定。信用證的每一點(diǎn)完善都將意味著信用證軟條款出現(xiàn)的概率降低,維護(hù)貿(mào)易雙方的合法利益。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important means of bank payment, letter of credit has been widely used by banks and most merchants in international trade settlement. After China's entry into the WTO, China has become the largest exporter and the second largest importer, and its foreign trade volume is huge, which is an important force for the steady growth of the world economy. It is inevitable for Chinese importers and exporters to pay by letter of credit. However, the letter of credit is a combination of contradictions, while enjoying the convenience it brings, traders also worry about the risks it creates. The soft clause of letter of credit is just one aspect of contradiction, it has seriously affected the function of payment means of letter of credit, we should pay enough attention to this problem. There is no clear definition of this problem in the world, nor has it formed a unified understanding. The lag in understanding the soft clause of the letter of credit brings great risks to both parties in the transaction of letter of credit. This paper focuses on the analysis of the form of the soft clause and the preventive measures to reduce the risk of the soft clause in the letter of credit, hoping to provide relevant references and suggestions for the improvement of the letter of credit system. And for banks and trading companies in the face of this problem to provide effective reference. This paper mainly includes the following four parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the basic understanding of the soft terms of letters of credit, including the definition of soft terms of letters of credit, common forms of expression and identification. The soft terms of letters of credit will present various and complicated forms. It is very important to understand the common forms and identification methods of soft clauses of letters of credit. This part has carried on the emphases analysis to the letter of credit soft clause identification method and the manifestation form, in order to hope to know more clearly what is the letter of credit soft clause, the letter of credit soft clause common manifestation form. The second part mainly analyzes the cause and harm of soft clause of letter of credit. The reasons include the subjective mentality of the parties to international trade and the external environment of international trade. By looking for the cause of the "right remedy." Then the harm of soft clause of letter of credit is analyzed. The great harm means that we must take corresponding preventive measures. The third part mainly analyzes the relief obstacles and preventive measures of the soft clause of the letter of credit, including the relief difficulties of the soft clause under the basic contract and the letter of credit. In order to better resolve and prevent the risks caused by the soft terms of letters of credit and maintain the status of letters of credit in international trade, the paper mainly discusses the various measures of soft clauses of relief letters of credit. The fourth part mainly analyzes the development and perfection of the soft clause of the prevention letter of credit, including further perfecting the standard form letter of credit, establishing a set of effective identification standard, perfecting the protection mechanism of the applicant. And the soft terms of the letter of credit specified. Every perfection of the letter of credit will mean that the probability of soft clause in the letter of credit will be reduced, and the legitimate interests of both parties will be safeguarded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F740.4

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