本文選題：貿(mào)易逆差 + 越中貿(mào)易逆差�。� 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：越南和中國擁有悠久的貿(mào)易歷史,自從20世紀(jì)90年代兩國恢復(fù)外交關(guān)系后,兩國的貿(mào)易高速發(fā)展。2015年越中貿(mào)易總額約為957. 79億美元,比2001年增長了近34倍。在越中兩國貿(mào)易高速發(fā)展的同時,一些問題相應(yīng)而生,其中最嚴(yán)重的是越南對中國的貿(mào)易逆差問題。在越中貿(mào)易中,越南長期處在貿(mào)易逆差地位,2014年越中貿(mào)易逆差值達(dá)到386億美元,是越南向中國出口額的兩倍多。越南對外貿(mào)易逆差大部分來自越中貿(mào)易逆差。越中貿(mào)易逆差產(chǎn)生的原因雖然相對復(fù)雜,但其根本原因則同越南處于城鎮(zhèn)化與工業(yè)化階段,國內(nèi)市場需求旺盛,但國內(nèi)工業(yè)體系不發(fā)達(dá),國內(nèi)制造力無法滿足內(nèi)需,而中國是個世界制造大國,與越南國土相連、隔海相望,在出口到越南市場具有很大的地理優(yōu)勢有著密切的聯(lián)系。特別是越南出口到中國的產(chǎn)品大多都是初級農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和資源類產(chǎn)品,高附加值的產(chǎn)品相對較少,產(chǎn)品種類比較單一。長期的越中貿(mào)易逆差對越南產(chǎn)生了很多負(fù)效應(yīng)。首先,越中貿(mào)易逆差持續(xù)消耗越南的外匯儲備,大大削弱越南防范和化解國際風(fēng)險的能力;其次,越中貿(mào)易逆差嚴(yán)重影響了越南盾幣值穩(wěn)定,以致人民幣對越南盾的匯率持續(xù)走高,升值幅度顯著;再次,越中貿(mào)易逆差很大程度上影響越南工商業(yè)的發(fā)展,尤其是不利于越南制造業(yè)的健康發(fā)展;最后,越中貿(mào)易逆差的長期存在,有可能惡化兩國之間的貿(mào)易伙伴關(guān)系的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。減少越中貿(mào)易逆差,可以采用的措施主要有:第一,越南政府應(yīng)從宏觀層面為越南企業(yè)的發(fā)展提供公平有利的發(fā)展環(huán)境,促進(jìn)越南企業(yè)的發(fā)展,提升競爭力。第二,越南政府應(yīng)該增加對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投入,為越南企業(yè)出口創(chuàng)造便利的交通條件。第三,越南應(yīng)該充分發(fā)揮比較優(yōu)勢,對越南的初級產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行深度加工再出口,增加產(chǎn)品價值。第四,越南應(yīng)該優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品出口結(jié)構(gòu),增加出口產(chǎn)品的科技含量和附加值。此外,越南和中國兩國政府應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)與越南的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作,著重發(fā)展邊境貿(mào)易;適當(dāng)增加中國向越南投資的資金。
[Abstract]:Vietnam and China have a long history of trade and trade has grown rapidly since the two countries resumed diplomatic relations in the 1990s. Total trade between Vietnam and China in 2015 was about 957. It was $7.9 billion, an increase of nearly 34 times over 2001. With the rapid development of trade between Vietnam and China, some problems have arisen, the most serious of which is Vietnam's trade deficit with China. Vietnam has a long-standing trade deficit with China, which hit $38.6 billion in 2014, more than twice the value of Vietnam's exports to China. Vietnam's foreign trade deficit comes mostly from Vietnam's trade deficit with China. Although the reasons for the Sino-Vietnamese trade deficit are relatively complex, the underlying causes are similar to Vietnam's stage of urbanization and industrialization, with strong domestic market demand, but the domestic industrial system is underdeveloped, and domestic manufacturing power cannot meet domestic demand. China is a manufacturing country in the world. It is connected with Vietnamese territory and faces each other across the sea. It has a great geographical advantage in exporting to Vietnam market. In particular, Vietnam exports to China mostly primary agricultural products and resource products, high value-added products are relatively less, product types are relatively single. The long-term trade deficit between Vietnam and China has had a lot of negative effects on Vietnam. First, Vietnam's trade deficit with China continues to consume Vietnam's foreign exchange reserves, greatly weakening Vietnam's ability to prevent and defuse international risks; secondly, Vietnam's trade deficit with China has seriously affected the stability of the value of the Vietnamese dong. As a result, the exchange rate of the RMB against the dong continues to rise and the appreciation rate is significant. Thirdly, the Vietnamese trade deficit largely affects the development of Vietnamese industry and commerce, especially against the healthy development of Vietnam's manufacturing industry. Finally, The long-term trade deficit between Vietnam and China threatens to worsen the sustainable development of the trade partnership between the two countries. The main measures to reduce the trade deficit between Vietnam and China are as follows: first, the Vietnamese government should provide a fair and favorable development environment for the development of Vietnamese enterprises from the macro level, promote the development of Vietnamese enterprises and enhance their competitiveness. Second, the Vietnamese government should increase investment in infrastructure and create convenient transportation conditions for Vietnamese enterprises' exports. Third, Vietnam should give full play to its comparative advantage and re-export its primary products to increase the value of its products. Fourth, Vietnam should optimize its export structure and increase its scientific and technological content and added value. In addition, the governments of Vietnam and China should further strengthen economic and trade cooperation with Vietnam, focus on developing border trade, and appropriately increase Chinese investment in Vietnam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F752.7;F753.33

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