本文選題：老撾 + 對外貿(mào)易��； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：老撾在經(jīng)過多年戰(zhàn)亂后建國,經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)薄弱,而且每年的對外貿(mào)易都是逆差,進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重失衡。但當(dāng)下老撾現(xiàn)實(shí)問題是在加入WTO后怎樣減少對外貿(mào)易逆差,如何把資源優(yōu)勢和提高本國經(jīng)濟(jì)水平結(jié)合起來,達(dá)到本國未來十年制定的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。目前,老撾如何優(yōu)化進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu),減少貿(mào)易逆差,促進(jìn)本國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,是一個(gè)值得深思的問題。本文主要探究了老撾的對外貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu),并對其近十年的變化(2003年-2012年)進(jìn)行了比較分析。首先,本文的理論基礎(chǔ)是比較優(yōu)勢理論和要素稟賦理論,第一部分主要介紹了貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)理論和對外貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)涉及到的一些相關(guān)概念以及研究現(xiàn)狀。其次,對老撾對外貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析。老撾革新開放政策實(shí)施以后,老撾的對外貿(mào)易得到了發(fā)展,進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)不斷得到拓展和優(yōu)化。老撾的主要貿(mào)易對象為泰國、越南、中國、日本、歐盟、美國和加拿大等,但泰國、越南和中國與老撾的貿(mào)易占到老撾對外貿(mào)易的三分之二以上,且是對老撾各方面都有頗多影響的國家。因此本文選取這三個(gè)國家作為主要分析對象,利用近十年的進(jìn)出口商品數(shù)據(jù)分析了老撾的對外貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)。老撾雖然在革新開放后,特別是最近十多年間,其進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易中取得了突破性的發(fā)展,但從整體看,對外貿(mào)易仍然存在著較大問題,進(jìn)口額常年大于出口額,長期以來都是貿(mào)易逆差。在進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易的商品結(jié)構(gòu)方面,由于老撾的經(jīng)濟(jì)起點(diǎn)低,工業(yè)多為技術(shù)含量低的輕工業(yè),缺乏一個(gè)完整的工業(yè)體系。因此進(jìn)口商品多為包括重工業(yè)產(chǎn)品和精密儀器等高科技產(chǎn)品在內(nèi)的工業(yè)制成品,出口商品則多為農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品、輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品和工業(yè)原材料等初級產(chǎn)品,進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)極為不合理。第三,本文采用赫芬因德指數(shù)、勞倫斯指數(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化指數(shù)這三個(gè)衡量貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)變動的指數(shù)對老撾對外貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)的變化進(jìn)行測度,探究老撾進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易的商品結(jié)構(gòu)在2003-2012年間的變動情況,然后根據(jù)測度的結(jié)果進(jìn)行總結(jié)并探究其原因。最后,提出了調(diào)整老撾對外貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)的對策。
[Abstract]:After many years of war, Laos was founded with a weak economic base, a deficit in foreign trade every year, and a serious imbalance in the structure of import and export trade. But the reality of Laos is how to reduce the deficit of foreign trade after China's entry into WTO, how to combine the advantages of resources with the improvement of its economic level, and how to achieve the development goal of the country in the next ten years. At present, how to optimize the structure of import and export commodities, reduce the trade deficit and promote the economic development of Laos is a problem worth pondering. This paper probes into the commodity structure of Laos's foreign trade, and makes a comparative analysis of its changes in recent ten years (2003-2012). First of all, the theoretical basis of this paper is comparative advantage theory and factor endowment theory. The first part mainly introduces the trade structure theory and foreign trade commodity structure related to some related concepts and research status. Secondly, the paper analyzes the commodity structure of Laos foreign trade. After the implementation of the reform and opening policy of Laos, the foreign trade of Laos has been developed, and the structure of import and export commodities has been continuously expanded and optimized. Laos mainly trades in Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan, the European Union, the United States and Canada, but Thailand, Vietnam and China account for more than 2/3 of Laos's foreign trade. And is a country that has a lot of influence on all aspects of Laos. Therefore, this paper selects the three countries as the main analysis object, using the import and export commodity data of nearly ten years to analyze the foreign trade commodity structure of Laos. Although Laos has made a breakthrough in its import and export trade after its reform and opening up, especially in the last decade or so, as a whole, there are still major problems in foreign trade, and its import volume is more than its export value all the year round. It has long been a trade deficit. In the commodity structure of import and export trade, because of the low economic starting point of Laos, the industry is mostly light industry with low technology content, so it lacks a complete industrial system. Therefore, most of the imported commodities are manufactured goods, including heavy industrial products and high-tech products such as precision instruments, while the export commodities are mostly agricultural products, light industrial products and industrial raw materials, etc. The structure of import and export trade is extremely unreasonable. Thirdly, this paper measures the changes in the commodity structure of Laos's foreign trade by using the Hefende Index, the Lawrence Index and the structural Optimization Index, which measure the changes of the trade structure. This paper explores the changes in the commodity structure of Laos' import and export trade from 2003 to 2012, and then sums up and explores the reasons according to the measured results. Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures to adjust the commodity structure of Laos foreign trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F753.34

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