本文選題：城市居民生活用水 + 階梯水價(jià)��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：階梯水價(jià)政策能否有效改善城市居民生活用水需求,提高居民生活用水效率,是目前城市居民生活用水價(jià)格改革和研究的熱點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)�，F(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)多集中定性分析階梯水價(jià)政策的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和公平性,或通過模擬測算階梯水價(jià)的居民生活用水需求,但是關(guān)于階梯水價(jià)對居民生活用水需求的影響效果的實(shí)證研究則較少。本文從城市居民生活用水需求的角度出發(fā),依據(jù)計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的需求函數(shù)理論,以我國2004-2014年城市統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒、2004-2014年城市供水統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ),建立了以居民生活用水價(jià)格和居民生活用水量為內(nèi)生變量的聯(lián)立方程模型,初步論證了階梯水價(jià)政策對居民生活用水需求的影響效果。實(shí)證結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)全樣本層面的城市居民生活用水需求的價(jià)格彈性為-0.3163,表明居民生活用水價(jià)格提高對城市居民生活用水需求具有一定程度的抑制作用;居民用水需求的收入彈性0.8239,表明城市居民收入對居民用水需求有顯著的正向影響;(2)研究階梯水價(jià)的實(shí)施對城市居民生活用水需求的影響效果,對表示有無階梯水價(jià)的虛擬變量進(jìn)行全樣本層面的參數(shù)估計(jì)得到估計(jì)值為-0.2313,即階梯水價(jià)實(shí)施后居民生活用水需求下降23.13%,證明了實(shí)施階梯水價(jià)的有效性和可行性;(3)對區(qū)域?qū)用鏄颖緮?shù)據(jù)的實(shí)證結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),東部地區(qū)和西部地區(qū)實(shí)行階梯水價(jià)能有效抑制居民生活用水需求。但是在中部地區(qū),階梯水價(jià)的有無對居民生活需求影響并不顯著,這主要是由中部地區(qū)居民生活用水的各階梯價(jià)格偏低、階梯差較小引起的。最后,本文建議加快推行階梯水價(jià)政策,對居民生活用水設(shè)置更加合理的階梯水價(jià)。同時(shí)需要考慮到對不同群體的福利補(bǔ)貼保障,這樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)全社會效益的最大化。
[Abstract]:Whether the ladder water price policy can effectively improve the urban residents' domestic water demand and improve the efficiency of residential water use is the hot spot and key point of the current urban residents' domestic water price reform and research. Most of the existing literature focuses on qualitative analysis of the advantages, disadvantages and equity of the ladder water price policy, or the calculation of the domestic water demand of the residents by simulating the ladder water price. However, there are few empirical studies on the effect of ladder water price on domestic water demand. Based on the demand theory of econometrics, this paper bases on the urban water supply statistics yearbook of 2004-2014 and the relevant data collected by the Internet from the point of view of the urban residents' domestic water demand, according to the theory of econometrics' demand function. A simultaneous equation model with the price of household water and the quantity of water used as endogenous variables is established, and the effect of ladder water price policy on the demand of domestic water is preliminarily proved. The empirical results show that the price elasticity of urban residents' domestic water demand is -0.3163in the whole sample level, which indicates that the increase of residential water price can restrain the urban residents' domestic water demand to some extent. The income elasticity of residents' water demand is 0.8239, which indicates that urban residents' income has a significant positive effect on the residents' water demand. (2) the effect of the implementation of the step water price on the urban residents' domestic water demand is studied. For the virtual variable with or without ladder water price, the total sample level parameter is estimated to be -0.2313, that is, the household water demand decreases 23.13% after the step water price is implemented, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing the step water price. The empirical results of sample data at the regional level show that, The implementation of ladder water price in the eastern and western regions can effectively restrain the domestic water demand of residents. But in the central region, the influence of ladder water price on the residents' living demand is not significant, which is mainly caused by the low ladder price and the small ladder difference of the residents' domestic water in the central region. Finally, the paper suggests to speed up the implementation of ladder water price policy, and to set a more reasonable ladder water price for household water. At the same time, we need to consider the different groups of welfare subsidies, so as to maximize the overall social benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F726;F299.24

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本文編號：1828180