本文選題：增值貿(mào)易 + 就業(yè)�。� 參考：《安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：上世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),中國(guó)施行開放的貿(mào)易政策促使了國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的騰飛,同時(shí)也間接提升了國(guó)內(nèi)的人均福利。其中,就業(yè)問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到國(guó)際貿(mào)易的影響。其一,進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易影響國(guó)內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu),影響了中國(guó)就業(yè)的形勢(shì),特別是出口加工貿(mào)易大大的促進(jìn)了中國(guó)的就業(yè)水平。其二,中國(guó)的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易規(guī)模越來(lái)越大,令中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)聯(lián)系愈加密切,國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的變動(dòng)會(huì)直接或間接影響著中國(guó)內(nèi)陸的勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)水平,數(shù)以億記的勞動(dòng)力與國(guó)際形勢(shì)息息相關(guān)。 而在全球價(jià)值鏈背景下,國(guó)際分工愈來(lái)愈以生產(chǎn)分割為特征。由于傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)存在許多中間產(chǎn)品的重復(fù)計(jì)算問(wèn)題,研究新型貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)方法勢(shì)在必行。增值統(tǒng)計(jì)法通過(guò)貿(mào)易過(guò)程中對(duì)出口品附加值進(jìn)行分解,較為有效地回避了跨境貿(mào)易中的中間產(chǎn)品重復(fù)計(jì)算問(wèn)題,如實(shí)的反應(yīng)各國(guó)的實(shí)際貿(mào)易額,有效地為政府政策制定提供依據(jù)。 本文在回顧對(duì)外貿(mào)易與就業(yè)相關(guān)研究發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上,首先對(duì)文章涉及的相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行解釋,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在增值貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)法及貿(mào)易對(duì)就業(yè)的影響的理論文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了比較系統(tǒng)的梳理分析評(píng)述,再對(duì)就業(yè)與國(guó)際貿(mào)易之間關(guān)聯(lián)作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析,即貿(mào)易影響的就業(yè)的具體途徑；接著分析中國(guó)采用增值貿(mào)易法的必要性及現(xiàn)階段中國(guó)增值貿(mào)易和就業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀,再進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,從總體和各行業(yè)兩個(gè)方面分析,其中,總體部分用STATA面板數(shù)據(jù)分析,行業(yè)部分用投入產(chǎn)出表計(jì)算分析。 將傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì)法的測(cè)算的就業(yè)影響與增值統(tǒng)計(jì)法的就業(yè)影響進(jìn)行比較,得到了以下的結(jié)論如下：兩種統(tǒng)計(jì)法下,出口貿(mào)易均對(duì)就業(yè)有顯著地促進(jìn)作用。與增值貿(mào)易相比,傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)的出口促進(jìn)就業(yè)效應(yīng)偏高。勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的出口促進(jìn)就業(yè)效應(yīng)高于其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的出口促進(jìn)就業(yè)效應(yīng)。并就這些結(jié)論提出相關(guān)建議：中國(guó)應(yīng)該利用增值統(tǒng)計(jì)法來(lái)統(tǒng)計(jì)貿(mào)易；堅(jiān)持出口導(dǎo)向戰(zhàn)略；正視進(jìn)口對(duì)就業(yè)的作用；加快勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),保證就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)；以產(chǎn)業(yè)需求為導(dǎo)向培養(yǎng)人才。
[Abstract]:The last century since 80s, the implementation of China open trade policies to promote domestic economic development, but also indirectly enhance the per capita welfare in China. Among them, the employment problem increasingly affected by international trade. First, import and export trade affects domestic product structure, the influence of Chinese employment situation, especially the export processing trade greatly promoted the Chinese employment level. Second, China import and export trade scale more and more big, the economy and the international economic situation China contact more closely, the international economic situation changes will directly or indirectly affect China inland labor employment level is closely related to millions of labor and the international situation.
In the context of global value chain, the international division of labor is more and more in the production of segmentation features. Because of repeated calculation of traditional trade statistics there are many intermediate products, it is imperative to study the new trade statistical method. In the process of trading statistics through value-added exports of value-added in the decomposition, effectively avoid the cross-border trade in intermediate products the repeated calculation of actual trade volume reaction countries truthfully, provide the basis for formulating government policies effectively.
Based on the review of foreign trade and employment related research and development, explains the related concepts involved in the thesis firstly, the domestic and foreign scholars are reviewed systematically analysis in the theoretical literature on the employment impact of the value-added trade statistics and trade, the international trade association between employment and mechanism analysis the specific ways of trade affects employment; and then analyses the Chinese by value-added trade law the necessity and present Chinese value-added trade and employment status, and empirical analysis, analysis from the two aspects of the overall and the industry in which the overall part analysis using STATA panel data, analysis of input output table in some industries.
Will affect the employment effects of employment statistics and calculation of the traditional value statistics are compared, the following conclusions were obtained as follows: two kinds of statistics, the export trade has a significant promoting effect on employment. Compared with the value of trade, traditional trade statistics on export promotion industry. High effect of labor intensive industry export promotion employment effect is higher than other industries export promotion employment effect. And puts forward relevant suggestions on these conclusions: China should use the value-added trade statistics statistics; adhere to the export-oriented strategy; to import on the employment of labor; accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure, to ensure employment growth opportunities; industrial demand oriented training.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F752;F249.2

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