本文選題：“向底線賽跑”　切入點：污染產(chǎn)品　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境問題不斷“贏得”世界關(guān)注,國際貿(mào)易作為世界各國之間重要的經(jīng)濟活動,其對于各國環(huán)境污染與環(huán)境規(guī)制具有重要影響作用。改革開放近30多年來,我國國民經(jīng)濟獲得了快速的發(fā)展,但同時我國環(huán)境也受了極大的破壞,傳統(tǒng)的以過度開發(fā)和消耗資源對環(huán)境造成高污染特征的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式已不可持續(xù)。生活水平的不斷提高,也改變了公眾的環(huán)境保護觀念,隨著中國產(chǎn)業(yè)步入轉(zhuǎn)型升級的發(fā)展階段,環(huán)境要素作為經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展重要因素的地位日益凸顯,如何實現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的共贏,是當(dāng)今各國共同的關(guān)切,同時其也成為國際交流的重要和熱點話題。國際貿(mào)易對于環(huán)境污染與環(huán)境規(guī)制具有重要影響作用,可能促使一國降低環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文建立分析污染產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易影響環(huán)境規(guī)制的計量模型,利用2001-2012年48個國家的跨國面板數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合系統(tǒng)GMM方法進行實證估計,結(jié)果表明,對所有樣本國家,污染產(chǎn)品出口會引起環(huán)境規(guī)制“向底線賽跑”,而污染產(chǎn)品進口則會使環(huán)境成本轉(zhuǎn)移到出口國,提高一國的環(huán)境規(guī)制水平;將樣本國家分組估計結(jié)果保持穩(wěn)健,“向底線賽跑”假說依然成立。人均收入與環(huán)境規(guī)制呈倒“U”型關(guān)系,環(huán)境規(guī)制隨著人均收入水平的增加先嚴(yán)格后寬松;腐敗和城市化對環(huán)境規(guī)制的影響,則依賴于所采用的實證方法。根據(jù)實證結(jié)果,提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。堅持科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,不斷提高收入水平,培養(yǎng)和增強公眾環(huán)保意識,在發(fā)展中合理解決環(huán)境問題。激勵和加強技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,提升出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量;優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu),降低污染產(chǎn)品出口,有利于環(huán)境質(zhì)量改善。在推進城市化的過程中,必須樹立正確的生態(tài)文明的觀念。
[Abstract]:As an important economic activity among countries in the world, international trade plays an important role in environmental pollution and regulation.During the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the national economy of our country has been developing rapidly, but at the same time, the environment of our country has also been greatly damaged. The traditional economic development mode, characterized by over-exploitation and consumption of resources, has caused high pollution to the environment.The continuous improvement of living standards has also changed the public's concept of environmental protection. As China's industry has entered the stage of transformation and upgrading, the status of environmental factors as an important factor in sustainable economic development has become increasingly prominent.How to realize the win-win situation of environmental protection and economic development is the common concern of all countries, and it has also become an important and hot topic in international exchanges.International trade plays an important role in environmental pollution and environmental regulation, which may promote a country to lower environmental quality standards.In this paper, an econometric model is established to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on trade in pollution products. Using transnational panel data of 48 countries from 2001 to 2012, and combining with systematic GMM method, empirical estimates are made. The results show that, for all sample countries,The export of polluted products will cause environmental regulation to "race to the bottom line", while the import of polluting products will transfer the environmental costs to the exporting countries, and improve the level of environmental regulation of a country.The "race to the bottom" hypothesis remains true.The relationship between per capita income and environmental regulation is inverted "U". With the increase of per capita income, environmental regulation is strict first and then relaxed, while the influence of corruption and urbanization on environmental regulation depends on the empirical methods adopted.According to the empirical results, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.Adhere to the concept of scientific development, constantly improve the level of income, cultivate and enhance public awareness of environmental protection, in the development of reasonable solutions to environmental problems.Encouraging and strengthening technological innovation, improving the quality of export products, optimizing the trade structure and reducing the export of polluting products are beneficial to the improvement of environmental quality.In the process of promoting urbanization, we must set up the correct concept of ecological civilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F746;X32

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