本文選題：貿(mào)易自由化　切入點：產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量　出處：《浙江工商大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在將近40年的改革開放過程中,我國在推進國際貿(mào)易自由化方面一直扮演著重要角色,中國進口商品通關(guān)稅率的加權(quán)平均值已經(jīng)從1992年的32.18%降到2001年的14.11%,到2009年的時候關(guān)稅僅為3.93%。近幾年,中國廣泛推進的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)戰(zhàn)略也被視為提倡和推進貿(mào)易自由化內(nèi)在邏輯一致的新舉措。貿(mào)易的自由化程度不斷提高意味著國際上的企業(yè)越來越便于在全球范圍內(nèi)尋找最廉價的成本和最優(yōu)的產(chǎn)品及服務。上述過程對我國的經(jīng)濟和企業(yè)產(chǎn)生著深遠持久的影響。在日益自由化的國際市場上,國內(nèi)外企業(yè)的行為和表現(xiàn)中體現(xiàn)著企業(yè)異質(zhì)性:生產(chǎn)率高的企業(yè)比生產(chǎn)率較低的企業(yè)規(guī)模更大,擁有更大的市場份額,更有可能成為出口商,而生產(chǎn)率較低的公司僅在國內(nèi)經(jīng)營。生產(chǎn)效率高的企業(yè)的競爭能力較強,可能給同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品定價較高,并在市場獲得主導權(quán);另一方面與其競爭對手相比,這些生產(chǎn)效率高的企業(yè)又具有成本優(yōu)勢,可以獲得的加成率較高,所以這些企業(yè)的加成率較高。因此,在這樣的背景下,結(jié)合貿(mào)易自由化和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量來聯(lián)合探討企業(yè)加成率的進一步研究是必要的。對于此類問題進行探討和研究,首先能夠增加社會福利,其次能為政府政策的制定提供政策依據(jù),最后可以幫助企業(yè)提高自身競爭實力。本文也有助于近些年關(guān)于自由貿(mào)易效益的文獻的研究。雖然這些研究集中于貿(mào)易中企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的增加,但我們研究了另一個潛在機制—企業(yè)加成率分布的變化—本文結(jié)果表明,基于“競爭效應”和“學習效應”:第一,貿(mào)易自由化促使企業(yè)進行創(chuàng)新,學習效應使企業(yè)加大研發(fā)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新投資力度,改進生產(chǎn),升級設備,提高了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高了產(chǎn)出效率和技術(shù)水平,從而降低邊際成本,企業(yè)加成率便大大提高;第二,由于貿(mào)易自由化減少了各種貿(mào)易壁壘,使貿(mào)易成本大大降低,企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本也隨之降低,企業(yè)加成率自然會增加。第三,然而市場競爭的加劇會使企業(yè)間相互降價以爭奪市場,這樣一來企業(yè)更需要提高加成率來保持競爭優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)理論分析和實證分析的結(jié)果,本文提出政府應該推進改革開放,同時推進貿(mào)易自由化,打破區(qū)域壁壘,降低企業(yè)銷售成本,利用市場的力量推動企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,促進市場發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the course of nearly 40 years of reform and opening up, China has been playing an important role in promoting the liberalization of international trade. The weighted average of tariff rates on Chinese imports has been reduced from 32.18% on 1992 to 14.11 on 2001, and by 2009 the tariff was only 3.93 percent. China's extensive free trade zone strategy is also seen as a new initiative that advocates and promotes trade liberalization with consistent internal logic. The increasing degree of trade liberalization means that international enterprises are becoming more and more convenient in the global scope. The process has a profound and lasting impact on our economy and business. In an increasingly liberalized international market, The behavior and performance of enterprises at home and abroad reflect the heterogeneity of enterprises: enterprises with high productivity are larger than those with lower productivity, have a larger market share, and are more likely to become exporters. Companies with lower productivity operate only domestically. Firms with high production efficiency are more competitive, may have higher pricing for homogeneous products and gain market dominance; on the other hand, compared with their competitors, These enterprises with high production efficiency have the advantage of cost and can get higher addition rate, so the addition rate of these enterprises is higher. Therefore, in this context, It is necessary to combine the trade liberalization and product quality to discuss the further study of the addition rate of enterprises. To discuss and study this kind of problem, first of all, it can increase the social welfare, and secondly, it can provide the policy basis for the government policy making. Finally, it can help enterprises to improve their own competitive strength. This paper also contributes to the recent literature on the benefits of free trade. Although these studies focus on the increase of enterprise productivity in trade, But we studied another potential mechanism-the change in the distribution of firm additionsThe results of this paper show that, based on the "competitive effect" and "learning effect": first, trade liberalization encourages firms to innovate. Learning effect causes enterprises to increase investment in R & D and technological innovation, improve production, upgrade equipment, improve product quality, improve output efficiency and technical level, thus reduce marginal cost, and increase enterprise addition rate greatly; second, Since trade liberalization has reduced all kinds of barriers to trade, the cost of trade has been greatly reduced, and the production costs of enterprises have also been reduced. The addition rate of enterprises will naturally increase. Third, However, the aggravation of market competition will make the enterprises reduce their prices to compete for the market, so the enterprises need to increase the addition rate to maintain their competitive advantage. According to the results of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, this paper proposes that the government should promote the reform and opening up. At the same time, we should promote trade liberalization, break down regional barriers, reduce enterprise sales costs, use market forces to promote enterprise transformation and upgrade, improve product quality, and promote market development.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F752;F273.2;F279.2

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