本文選題：制造業(yè)出口　切入點：比較優(yōu)勢　出處：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2013年中國一躍成為世界最大的貨物貿(mào)易國,貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口的總量達(dá)到4.16萬億美元。其中出口額2.21萬億美元,占世界總出口額比重的11.8%,已經(jīng)連續(xù)五年位居全球首位。而工業(yè)制成品一直是我國對外貿(mào)易的主要出口產(chǎn)品,盡管過去30年來我國制造業(yè)在國際市場上承擔(dān)著世界工廠的角色,但國外企業(yè)真的是看中“中國制造”的卓越品質(zhì)才選擇進(jìn)口我國商品么?事實上,廉價而豐富的勞動力是中國制造業(yè)長期以來備受國外企業(yè)青睞的主要原因,也是造成我國一直處于工業(yè)制造業(yè)生態(tài)鏈最底端的一個根源所在。隨著人口紅利的逐漸消失和近年來以美國為首的西方發(fā)達(dá)國家在工業(yè)化主張的提出,中國制造業(yè)和國際貿(mào)易是否還能保持原有的競爭優(yōu)勢。對此,本文從比較優(yōu)勢理論為出發(fā)點,通過對制造業(yè)勞動力成本和勞動生產(chǎn)率的國內(nèi)外比較來探索制造業(yè)勞動力成本的比較優(yōu)勢變化。通過比較研究分析得出,中國制造業(yè)勞動力成本比較優(yōu)勢雖然還比較顯著,但是近幾年來的相對競爭力優(yōu)勢有削弱的趨勢。人口紅利在逐漸衰退,制造業(yè)通過轉(zhuǎn)型升級提高勞動生產(chǎn)率迫在眉睫。制造業(yè)單位勞動成本對出口貿(mào)易的實證研究結(jié)果表明,單位勞動力成本對貿(mào)易出口額的變動有著顯著的負(fù)面影響。此外,匯率的提升對貿(mào)易出口額也有著顯著地負(fù)面影響,而原材料、燃料、動力購進(jìn)指數(shù)的提升對貿(mào)易出口額變動有著顯著的正向作用。本文共分為六個部分：第一章緒論部分主要闡述選題的背景、研究意義、創(chuàng)新點、難點,并對本文研究的方法和文章框架進(jìn)行介紹。第二章主要對本文研究的理論基礎(chǔ)和相關(guān)學(xué)者在制造業(yè)勞動力成本和制造業(yè)出口方面的研究成果做了闡述和相關(guān)評述。第三章通過對制造業(yè)勞動力成本和勞動生產(chǎn)率的國內(nèi)外比較研究對我國制造業(yè)勞動力的比較優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行分析。第四章從我國制造業(yè)出口的總量和結(jié)構(gòu)上對近年來的制造業(yè)出口的發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行判斷分析。第五章為本文的實證研究部分,在構(gòu)建指標(biāo)影響體系后,通過對勞動力成本和勞動生產(chǎn)率的比值得出的單位勞動成本來對出口額總量進(jìn)行測算,并對各變量的參數(shù)進(jìn)行解釋說明。第六章根據(jù)本文的研究進(jìn)行總結(jié)和提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In 2013, China became the world's largest trading country in goods, with a total import and export volume of $4.16 trillion. Of this amount, $2.21 trillion was exported. China's manufacturing industry has been the main export product in China's foreign trade for five consecutive years, although over the past 30 years China's manufacturing industry has assumed the role of world factory in the international market. But are foreign enterprises really interested in the excellent quality of "made in China" before they choose to import Chinese goods? In fact, cheap and abundant labor is the main reason why Chinese manufacturing industry has long been favored by foreign companies. It is also one of the root causes that cause China to be at the bottom of the ecological chain of industrial manufacturing. With the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend and the proposal of industrialized countries led by the United States in recent years, Whether China's manufacturing industry and international trade can still maintain its original competitive advantage. In this paper, from the perspective of comparative advantage theory, By comparing the labor cost and labor productivity of manufacturing industry at home and abroad to explore the change of comparative advantage of manufacturing labor cost. Through comparative research and analysis, it is concluded that the comparative advantage of manufacturing labor cost in China is still relatively significant. However, in recent years, the relative competitive advantage has tended to weaken. The demographic dividend is gradually declining, and it is urgent for manufacturing industry to improve its labor productivity through transformation and upgrading. The empirical study on the unit labor cost of manufacturing industry to export trade shows that, Unit labor costs have a significant negative impact on the movement of trade exports. In addition, the appreciation of exchange rates also has a significant negative impact on trade exports, while raw materials, fuels, The promotion of dynamic purchasing index has a significant positive effect on the change of trade export volume. This paper is divided into six parts: the first chapter introduces the background of the topic, research significance, innovation, difficulties, The second chapter mainly introduces the theoretical basis of this study and the research results of related scholars in manufacturing labor costs and manufacturing exports. The third chapter analyzes the comparative advantage of manufacturing labor force in China through the comparative study of labor cost and productivity of manufacturing industry at home and abroad. Chapter 4th analyzes the total quantity and structure of manufacturing industry export in recent years. Chapter 5th is the empirical research part of this paper. After constructing the index influence system, the unit labor cost obtained by the ratio of labor cost and labor productivity is used to measure the total export volume. Chapter 6th summarizes the research in this paper and puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F424;F752.62

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本文編號：1569556