本文關(guān)鍵詞：金磚五國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力比較研究　出處：《北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：隨著世界整體格局的改變與經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的調(diào)整,新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體在全球貿(mào)易中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色,以中國(guó)、巴西、印度、俄羅斯和南非作為代表的"金磚五國(guó)"成長(zhǎng)前景良好,備受世界的關(guān)注。近年來(lái),"金磚五國(guó)"金融市場(chǎng)的對(duì)外開(kāi)放程度不斷提高,金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易得到了迅猛的發(fā)展,并很大程度上帶動(dòng)了本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。盡管發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好,由于起步較晚、本國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)自由度不高等因素的限制,"金磚五國(guó)"金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平無(wú)論從質(zhì)量上還是數(shù)量上相較于世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還有一定的差距。因此,研究中國(guó)及其他金磚國(guó)家金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易的真實(shí)狀況,并利用國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力有關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)具有重要意義。本文首先回顧了相關(guān)經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn),對(duì)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易、國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基本概念進(jìn)行了界定,并引入國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論,建立了以國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率(MS)指數(shù)、貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力(TC)指數(shù)以及顯性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)(RCA)指數(shù)為主體的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)體系。然后,結(jié)合UNCTAD數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中2005-2015年中國(guó)、巴西、印度、俄羅斯、南非五國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù),基于MS指數(shù)、TC指數(shù)與RCA指數(shù)對(duì)"金磚五國(guó)"金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力情況進(jìn)行了對(duì)比與分析。結(jié)果顯示,"金磚五國(guó)"的金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力普遍較弱,且發(fā)展較不平衡。其中,印度在金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率、顯性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)等指標(biāo)上表現(xiàn)出比其他四國(guó)更強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;南非則在金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力指標(biāo)上呈現(xiàn)一枝獨(dú)秀的態(tài)勢(shì);中國(guó)的金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)雖呈現(xiàn)出逐年攀升的態(tài)勢(shì),但在與其他四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的比較重處于較弱的地位,國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的占有率仍然很低、金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易凈進(jìn)口的本質(zhì)仍然沒(méi)有改變、國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力仍然比較弱。之后,在波特"鉆石模型"的理論基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)"金磚五國(guó)" 2005-2015年的面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。選取各國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易出競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力(TC)指數(shù)作為被解釋變量,各國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校入學(xué)率、城鎮(zhèn)化率、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率、FDI依存度、貨物貿(mào)易出口額、金融市場(chǎng)集中度及金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易開(kāi)放度作為解釋變量,采用固定模型xtgls回歸分析的方法探討這七個(gè)因素對(duì)"金磚五國(guó)"金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的實(shí)際影響程度。實(shí)證結(jié)果顯示,選取的七個(gè)自變量中,一國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易開(kāi)放度對(duì)該國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口額的影響最為顯著,金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易開(kāi)放度與金磚國(guó)家的金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力TC指數(shù)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,且相關(guān)系數(shù)為67.962。這意味這提高國(guó)家的金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易開(kāi)放水平可以很大程度上增強(qiáng)該國(guó)的金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。由此可見(jiàn),政府因素對(duì)于一國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力具有最為顯著的因果關(guān)系。同時(shí),城鎮(zhèn)化率、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率、FDI依存度及金融市場(chǎng)集中度也與金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易TC指數(shù)正相關(guān),相應(yīng)變量的增加均能在一定程度上提高一國(guó)的金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。而另一方面,高等學(xué)校入學(xué)率及貨物貿(mào)易出口額與因變量呈現(xiàn)出負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,表明增加一國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易的出口額與提高普通高等學(xué)校入學(xué)率可能在一定程度上導(dǎo)致該國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平的降低。因此,政府應(yīng)注意在一定程度上控制貨物商品貿(mào)易的出口總量與增長(zhǎng)速度,并適度調(diào)節(jié)普通高等學(xué)校的入學(xué)比率。最后,基于實(shí)證分析得到的結(jié)論,本文對(duì)提升我國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力提出四點(diǎn)建議,即:加大金融市場(chǎng)的開(kāi)放水平,推進(jìn)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易自由化;優(yōu)化金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu),增強(qiáng)金融服務(wù)出口優(yōu)勢(shì);大力培養(yǎng)金融業(yè)人才,優(yōu)化人才培養(yǎng)模式;加強(qiáng)與其他金磚國(guó)家的合作,共同提升金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
[Abstract]:With the overall pattern of change and economic order adjustment, emerging economies in the global trade plays an increasingly important role in Chinese, Brazil, India, Russia and South Africa as the representative of the "BRICs" growth prospects, has attracted worldwide attention. In recent years, the opening degree of BRICs finance the market continues to improve, financial services trade has been developed rapidly, and is largely driven by the country's economic level. Despite the good momentum of development, because of the late start, domestic financial market is not high degree of freedom and other factors, the international competitiveness of the BRIC countries in financial services trade from both quality and quantity compared with the developed countries there is still a certain gap. Therefore, the research China and other BRIC countries trade in financial services in the real situation, and the use of relevant indicators of international competitiveness The scientific evaluation has important significance. This paper firstly reviews the classical literature, trade in financial services, the basic concept of international competitiveness is defined, and the introduction of international competitive advantage theory, established by international market share (MS) index, trade competitiveness comparative advantage index (TC) and dominant (RCA) International Competitiveness Evaluation system as the main index. Then, combined with the UNCTAD database in 2005-2015 China, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa five financial service trade import and export data, based on the MS index, TC index and RCA index of development and international competitiveness of the BRICs trade in financial services were compared and analyzed. The results showed that "generally weak international competitiveness of financial services trade, and the BRICs development is not balanced. Among them, India in the financial service trade international market share revealed comparative advantage to The subject showed stronger competitiveness than other countries in South Africa; financial services trade competitiveness index showing a thriving trend; the indicators of China financial service trade is showing a rising trend, but in comparison with the other four economies heavy at a weak position, the international market share is still very low, the essence of financial service trade import has not changed, the international competitiveness is still relatively weak. Then, based on the theory of Potter's "Diamond Model", based on the panel data of the BRICs 2005-2015 empirical analysis. Selected countries financial service trade competitive index (TC) as explanatory variables all countries, ordinary higher school enrollment rate, the rate of urbanization, the Internet penetration rate, the dependence of FDI, exports of goods trade, financial market concentration and financial service trade opening degree as explanatory variables, Using the method of fixed xtgls regression analysis to study the degree of the seven factors the actual effect on the international competitiveness of the BRIC countries in financial services trade. The empirical results show that the seven variables selected, a country's financial service liberalization of the country's financial service trade on export volume is the most significant, trade in financial services the opening degree of TC index was positively correlated with the competitiveness of financial service trade in the BRIC countries, and the correlation coefficient is 67.962. which means to improve the country's financial service trade openness can greatly enhance international competitiveness of financial service trade in the country. Thus, the government has the most significant causal relationship for the competitiveness of a country. At the same time. The rate of urbanization, the Internet penetration rate, FDI dependence and concentration of financial markets and financial services trade is positively related to TC index, the corresponding variables are added To improve the international competitiveness of financial service trade in a country in a certain extent. On the other hand, the higher school enrollment rate and the trade in goods exports and the dependent variable has a negative correlation, indicated that the increase of exports in goods trade and improve the college entrance rate to a certain extent, reduce the level of China's financial services trade competitiveness. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the export amount and speed control of the goods trade to a certain extent, and moderate the ordinary higher school enrollment ratio. Finally, based on the result of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward four suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of China's financial services trade is increase the opening of the financial market, promote the liberalization of trade in financial services; financial services trade structure optimization, enhance the financial service export advantage; vigorously develop the financial industry We should optimize the training mode of talents, strengthen cooperation with other BRIC countries and jointly improve the competitiveness of financial services trade.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F752.68

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