發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-22 20:21

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)90年代,我國(guó)從孟加拉國(guó)引入了小額信貸,開始進(jìn)行一系列嘗試來發(fā)展農(nóng)村金融以造福農(nóng)村和貧困人口。然后,由于金融環(huán)境多變,我國(guó)推行的農(nóng)村金融體制改革由于范圍和力度等方面原因取得的效果甚微。面對(duì)農(nóng)民金融需求進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,城鄉(xiāng)二元化進(jìn)一步拉大,農(nóng)民收入增加緩慢等等窘境,2008年,我國(guó)開始在全國(guó)5個(gè)省范圍內(nèi)建立試點(diǎn)小額貸款公司,公司成立主要目的是為了配合中央解決“三農(nóng)”和中小企業(yè)融資困難的問題,滿足各類群體的金融需求。小額貸款公司的成立不僅滿足了農(nóng)牧民多元化的貸款需求,加快了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,同時(shí)也增加中小企業(yè)融資途徑,規(guī)范和引導(dǎo)民間資本,支持農(nóng)戶自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。 我國(guó)自2005年末就開始在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)成立試點(diǎn)公司,根據(jù)2013年最新數(shù)據(jù),第四季度末期我國(guó)成立的小額貸款公司機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)量達(dá)到7839家,業(yè)內(nèi)人員達(dá)到9.5萬(wàn)人,貸款總額8191億元,全年新增貸款2268億元,小額貸款公司在中國(guó)的發(fā)展巳經(jīng)形成初級(jí)規(guī)模。在這種形勢(shì)下,2008年12月黑龍江省就在全省范圍內(nèi)開展了小額貸款公司試點(diǎn)工作,并在接下來幾年呈現(xiàn)出蓬勃發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)。小額貸款公司作為農(nóng)村金融體系新型小額信貸組織,在一定程度上解決了農(nóng)戶融資困難,滿足了微小企業(yè)貸款需求擴(kuò)大的現(xiàn)狀,使得農(nóng)戶和微小企業(yè)貸款選擇的空間增大,是黑龍江省農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的有益補(bǔ)充。但與此同時(shí),金融危機(jī)以來,在黑龍江省作為新興事物的小額貸款公司在服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”時(shí)也存在著諸多制約其發(fā)展的問題。這些問題主要包括為身份定位模糊導(dǎo)致服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”效果有限、農(nóng)戶貸款的后續(xù)資金缺乏、農(nóng)戶貸款過程中外部監(jiān)管缺失、“三農(nóng)”信貸產(chǎn)品業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)單一等。因此,為了更好的促進(jìn)黑龍江省小額貸款公司服務(wù)于“三農(nóng)”和中小企業(yè),研究其過程中存在問題就顯得尤為重要了。 基于上述存在問題,本文以解決黑龍江省小額貸款公司在服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”中存在的問題為主,首先通過對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外小額貸款相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理,闡述了小額貸款公司的相關(guān)概念和理論。其次對(duì)黑龍江小額貸款公司的發(fā)展情況作出分析,包括它的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立,貸款情況和資金質(zhì)量等,而后重點(diǎn)對(duì)黑龍江省小額貸款公司服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,最后根據(jù)黑龍江省小額貸款公司服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”存在的問題,提出切實(shí)有效的對(duì)策建議：具體為從宏觀角度完善小額貸款公司服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”的外部環(huán)境,包括完善服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”貸款的相關(guān)法律政策,放寬稅收政策和加大政府支持“三農(nóng)”力度,多渠道破解“三農(nóng)”融資難題等；其次是加強(qiáng)小額貸款公司服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”的自身建設(shè),包括完善農(nóng)村小額信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制體系,健全公司內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu),加快服務(wù)于“三農(nóng)”專業(yè)人才的培養(yǎng)等等。希望這些對(duì)策和建議,能夠促進(jìn)黑龍江小額貸款公司更好服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”,為建立多層級(jí)的黑龍江農(nóng)村金融提供參考。
[Abstract]:In the 1990s, China introduced micro-credit from Bangladesh and started a series of attempts to develop rural finance for the benefit of rural and poor people. Then, due to the changing financial environment, the reform of the rural financial system in China has little effect on the scope and strength of the reform. in that face of the further expansion of the farmer's financial demand, the further widening of the dualization of the urban and rural areas, the slow increase of the income of farmers, and the like, in 2008, China began to establish a pilot micro-loan company within 5 provinces of the country, The main purpose of the company is to meet the financial needs of various groups in order to cooperate with the central government to address the problems of "rural and rural areas" and small and medium-sized enterprises. The establishment of the small-loan company not only meets the diversified loan demand of the farmers and herdsmen, has accelerated the development of the rural economy, but also increases the financing way of the small and medium-sized enterprises, regulates and guides the folk capital, and supports the self-entrepreneurship of the farmers. Since the end of 2005, the country started to set up a pilot company nationwide, according to the latest data in 2013, the number of small-loan company established in China at the end of the fourth quarter reached 7839, the industry's personnel reached 9.5 million, the total loan amount was RMB 81.191 billion, and the total loan for the whole year was RMB 226.8 billion. Yuan, the development of micro-loan company in China has been formed into the primary rules In this situation, in December 2008, Heilongjiang province carried out the pilot work of the small-loan company in the whole province, and in the next few years, it showed a vigorous development. As a new type of micro-credit organization in the rural financial system, the small-loan company has solved the financing difficulties of the farmers to a certain extent, and satisfied the current situation of the expansion of the loan demand of the small enterprises, so that the space for the loan selection of the farmers and the micro-enterprises is increased. Large, it is the beneficial complement of the rural financial market in Heilongjiang Province At the same time, at the same time, since the financial crisis, the small-loan company, which is an emerging thing in Heilongjiang province, has a lot of questions to restrict its development in the service "rural and rural areas" The problems mainly include the limited effect of the service "rural and rural areas", the lack of the follow-up funds of the farmer's loan, the absence of external supervision in the process of the farmer's loan, and the single business structure of the "rural and rural areas" credit product. Therefore, in order to promote the service of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province in the "rural and rural areas" and the small and medium-sized enterprises, it is very important to study the problems in the process This paper is based on the above-mentioned problems, in order to solve the problems existing in the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province, and firstly, through the analysis of the domestic and foreign micro-credit related documents, the relevant concepts of the micro-loan company are described. The second is to make an analysis of the development of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang, including its establishment, loan and capital quality, and then focus on the current situation of the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province. In the end, according to the problems existing in the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province, the author puts forward the effective countermeasures: to perfect the external environment of the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company from the macro point of view, including the related method to improve the service "rural and rural areas" loan The law policy, the relaxation of the tax policy and the increase of the government's support to the "rural and rural areas", the multi-channel cracking of the "rural and rural areas" financing challenges and the like; the second is to strengthen the self-construction of the small-loan company's service "rural and rural areas", including the improvement of the rural micro credit risk control system and the improvement of the internal management of the company structure and speed up the service of the service in the "rural and rural areas" of professional talents It is hoped that these measures and suggestions can promote the better service "rural and rural areas" of the Heilongjiang Microfinance Company, and to build a multi-level Heilongjiang rural financial system
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.39

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